Adam-Poupart Ariane, Drapeau Laurie-Maude, Bekal Sadjia, Germain Geneviève, Irace-Cima Alejandra, Sassine Marie-Pascale, Simon Audrey, Soto Julio, Thivierge Karine, Tissot France
Biological Risks and Occupational Health Division, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, QC.
School of Public Health of the Université de Montréal (ESPUM), Montréal, QC.
Can Commun Dis Rep. 2021 Jan 29;47(1):47-58. doi: 10.14745/ccdr.v47i01a08.
Climate change plays an important role in the geographic spread of zoonotic diseases. Knowing which populations are at risk of contracting these diseases is critical to informing public health policies and practices. In Québec, 14 zoonoses have been identified as important for public health to guide the climate change adaptation efforts of decision-makers and researchers. A great deal has been learned about these diseases in recent years, but information on at-risk workplaces remains incomplete. The objective of this study is to paint a portrait of the occupations and sectors of economic activity at risk for the acquisition of these zoonoses.
A rapid review of the scientific literature was conducted. Databases on the Ovid and EBSCO research platforms were searched for articles published between 1995 and 2018, in English and French, on 14 zoonoses (campylobacteriosis, cryptosporidiosis, verocytotoxigenic , giardiasis, listeriosis, salmonellosis, Eastern equine encephalitis, Lyme disease, West Nile virus, food botulism, Q fever, avian and swine influenza, rabies, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome) and occupational health. The literature search retrieved 12,558 articles and, after elimination of duplicates, 6,838 articles were evaluated based on the title and the abstract. Eligible articles had to address both concepts of the research issue (prioritized zoonoses and worker health). Of the 621 articles deemed eligible, 110 were selected following their full reading.
Of the diseases under study, enteric zoonoses were the most frequently reported. Agriculture, including veterinary services, public administration services and medical and social services were the sectors most frequently identified in the literature.
The results of our study will support public health authorities and decision-makers in targeting those sectors and occupations that are particularly at risk for the acquisition of zoonoses. Doing so will ultimately optimize the public health practices of those responsible for the health of workers.
气候变化在人畜共患病的地理传播中起着重要作用。了解哪些人群有感染这些疾病的风险对于制定公共卫生政策和实践至关重要。在魁北克，已确定14种人畜共患病对公共卫生具有重要意义，以指导决策者和研究人员开展气候变化适应工作。近年来，人们对这些疾病已有很多了解，但关于高风险工作场所的信息仍不完整。本研究的目的是描绘出有可能感染这些人畜共患病的职业和经济活动部门的概况。
对科学文献进行了快速回顾。在Ovid和EBSCO研究平台的数据库中搜索1995年至2018年间以英文和法文发表的、关于14种人畜共患病（弯曲杆菌病、隐孢子虫病、产志贺毒素大肠杆菌感染、贾第虫病、李斯特菌病、沙门氏菌病、东部马脑炎、莱姆病、西尼罗河病毒、食物中毒性肉毒中毒、Q热、禽流感和猪流感、狂犬病、汉坦病毒肺综合征）和职业健康的文章。文献检索共找到12,558篇文章，在剔除重复文章后，根据标题和摘要对6,838篇文章进行了评估。符合条件的文章必须涉及研究问题的两个概念（优先考虑的人畜共患病和工人健康）。在621篇被认为符合条件的文章中，经过全文阅读后选择了110篇。
在所研究的疾病中，肠道人畜共患病报告最为频繁。农业，包括兽医服务、公共行政服务以及医疗和社会服务是文献中最常提及的部门。
我们的研究结果将支持公共卫生当局和决策者确定那些特别有感染人畜共患病风险的部门和职业。这样做最终将优化负责工人健康的人员的公共卫生实践。
