Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Front Immunol. 2021 Feb 18;11:619189. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.619189. eCollection 2020.
As a stressor widely existing in daily life, noise can cause great alterations to the immune system and result in many physical and mental disorders, including noise-induced deafness, sleep disorders, cardiovascular diseases, endocrine diseases and other problems. The immune system plays a major role in maintaining homeostasis by recognizing and removing harmful substances in the body. Many studies have shown that noise may play vital roles in the occurrence and development of some immune diseases. In humans, both innate immunity and specific immunity can be influenced by noise, and different exposure durations and intensities of noise may exert various effects on the immune system. Short-term or low-intensity noise can enhance immune function, while long-term or high-intensity noise suppresses it. Noise can lead to the occurrence of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) through the production of autoantibodies such as anti-Hsp70 and anti-Hsp60 and exert adverse effects related to other immune-related diseases such as some autoimmune diseases and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The neuroendocrine system, mainly including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) system, is involved in the mechanisms of immune-related diseases induced by noise and gut microbiota dysfunction. In addition, noise exposure during pregnancy may be harmful to the immune system of the fetus. On the other hand, some studies have shown that music can improve immune function and alleviate the adverse effects caused by noise.
作为日常生活中广泛存在的应激源，噪声可导致免疫系统发生重大改变，并引发许多身心障碍，包括噪声性耳聋、睡眠障碍、心血管疾病、内分泌疾病等问题。免疫系统通过识别和清除体内有害物质来维持体内平衡，起着重要作用。许多研究表明，噪声可能在一些免疫性疾病的发生和发展中发挥重要作用。在人类中，固有免疫和特异性免疫都可能受到噪声的影响，不同的噪声暴露持续时间和强度可能对免疫系统产生不同的影响。短期或低强度噪声可增强免疫功能，而长期或高强度噪声则会抑制免疫功能。噪声可通过产生自身抗体（如抗 HSP70 和抗 HSP60）导致噪声性听力损失（NIHL）的发生，并对其他与免疫相关的疾病（如某些自身免疫性疾病和非霍奇金淋巴瘤）产生不利影响。涉及噪声引起的免疫相关疾病的机制主要包括神经内分泌系统，主要包括下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴和交感神经-肾上腺髓质（SAM）系统，以及肠道微生物群功能障碍。此外，怀孕期间的噪声暴露可能对胎儿的免疫系统有害。另一方面，一些研究表明，音乐可以改善免疫功能并减轻噪声造成的不良影响。
