Bratko Denis, Pocrnić Martina, Butković Ana
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Eur J Psychol. 2020 May 29;16(2):229-248. doi: 10.5964/ejop.v16i2.1853. eCollection 2020 May.
The goal of this study was to explore the raters' agreement and the effect of raters' and targets' gender on self- and parental intelligence assessments in the sample of Croatian twins. Twins were asked to assess their own and their parents' overall intelligence, as well as specific abilities from the Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences. Data was analysed to explore: i) twins' agreement in parental assessments and behavioural genetic analysis of the overall intelligence estimates; ii) gender differences in self- assessments; and iii) raters' and targets' gender effects on parental assessments. The twins' mean correlation in their assessments of overall parental intelligence was .60. The differences between monozygotic and dizygotic twin correlations were nonsignificant for all of the estimated abilities, and model fitting analysis indicates that hypothesis about genetic effect on parental assessment of intelligence should be rejected. The hypotheses about males' higher self-assessments for overall intelligence and for the masculine types of abilities - logical-mathematical, body-kinesthetic and spatial abilities - were confirmed. For the feminine types of abilities - verbal/linguistic, inter- and intra- personal intelligences - there were no significant gender effects. Both target and rater effect were found for the parental estimates of intelligence. Fathers were estimated higher on overall intelligence, logical-mathematical, body-kinesthetic and spatial abilities, while mothers were estimated higher on interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence. The effect of the raters' gender was found for overall intelligence as well as for inter- and intra- personal intelligences, where males gave higher estimates of parental intelligences than females.
本研究的目的是在克罗地亚双胞胎样本中，探究评分者之间的一致性以及评分者和被评对象的性别对自我及父母智力评估的影响。双胞胎被要求评估自己及父母的整体智力，以及加德纳多元智能理论中的特定能力。对数据进行分析以探究：i）双胞胎在父母评估中的一致性以及整体智力评估的行为遗传学分析；ii）自我评估中的性别差异；iii）评分者和被评对象的性别对父母评估的影响。双胞胎对父母整体智力评估的平均相关性为0.60。对于所有估计能力，同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎相关性之间的差异不显著，模型拟合分析表明关于遗传对父母智力评估影响的假设应被拒绝。关于男性在整体智力以及男性化类型能力——逻辑数学、身体动觉和空间能力方面自我评估较高的假设得到了证实。对于女性化类型的能力——语言/言语、人际和内省智能——没有显著的性别影响。在父母智力评估中发现了被评对象和评分者的影响。在整体智力、逻辑数学、身体动觉和空间能力方面，对父亲的评估较高，而在人际和内省智能方面，对母亲的评估较高。在整体智力以及人际和内省智能方面发现了评分者性别的影响，其中男性对父母智力的评估高于女性。
