Research Center, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
Oncoimmunology. 2021 Feb 22;10(1):1887552. doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2021.1887552.
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released from numerous types of cells that are involved in multiple tumors development. Exosomes contribute to the modulation of tumor microenvironment (TME) through intercellular communication. As essential immune stromal cells in the TME, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) participate in tumor development by mediating angiogenesis, metastasis, chemoresistance, and immune escape. Due to communication with multiple cells in the TME, they exhibit plasticity and heterogeneity during the progress of polarization from monocytes to macrophages. Previous studies suggest that targeting TAMs is a promising therapeutic strategy; however, the detailed mechanism by which TAMs regulate tumor development still remains unclear. In this review, we provide an overview of the roles of exosomes as messengers in the communication between tumor cells and polarization of TAMs; we also describe the effects of their interaction on tumor development. Finally, we comprehensively discussed the potential application of exosomes as the promising tumor immunotherapy strategy.
外泌体是由多种细胞释放的细胞外囊泡，参与多种肿瘤的发展。外泌体通过细胞间通讯有助于调节肿瘤微环境（TME）。肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAMs）作为 TME 中必不可少的免疫基质细胞，通过介导血管生成、转移、化疗耐药和免疫逃逸参与肿瘤的发展。由于与 TME 中的多种细胞进行通讯，它们在从单核细胞向巨噬细胞极化的过程中表现出可塑性和异质性。先前的研究表明，靶向 TAMs 是一种有前途的治疗策略；然而，TAMs 调节肿瘤发展的详细机制仍不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们概述了外泌体作为肿瘤细胞之间通讯和 TAMs 极化的信使的作用；我们还描述了它们相互作用对肿瘤发展的影响。最后，我们全面讨论了外泌体作为有前途的肿瘤免疫治疗策略的潜在应用。
