Jacob Sherin, George Leyanna Susan, Joy Aleena, Mathew Minu Maria, Vijayakumar K, Kumar Anil, Kunoor Akhilesh
Department of Community Medicine & Public Health, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India.
Department of Microbiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2020 Dec 31;9(12):6209-6212. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1583_20. eCollection 2020 Dec.
It is estimated that 10 million people fall ill with Tuberculosis (TB) every year worldwide. TB continues to be in the top 10 causes of death globally with India being the home to the world's largest number of TB patients. One of the major factors attributing to this is the presence of comorbidities such as Diabetes Mellitus and HIV/AIDS.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of comorbidities such as Diabetes mellitus & HIV/AIDS among the newly diagnosed TB patients in Kerala in 2019 and also to determine the factors associated with it.
A cross-sectional study was carried out using the secondary data from NIKSHAY portal. There were a total of 16,527 cases of pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB cases reported from 14 districts of Kerala from January to September 2019. Using a checklist, data regarding the age, gender, type of case, Type of patient, site of disease, drug resistance were collected separately for TB patients suffering from Diabetes mellitus and HIV/AIDS. The data was then entered into Excel sheet and was analyzed using SPSS version 23.
Out of the total 16,527 study population, most of the patients were elderly above the age of 60 years (28.6%). The prevalence of Diabetes mellitus (22.6%) was higher among TB patients when compared to HIV/AIDS (1.2%). Males in the age group between 50-59 years were found to be significantly associated with TB- Diabetes Mellitus comorbidities. Diabetes was significantly associated with Pulmonary TB patients, while HIV/AIDS was significantly associated with extrapulmonary TB.
Both Diabetes Mellitus and HIV/AIDS are comorbidities that have a strong impact on the diagnosis and management of Tuberculosis patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need to prevent these comorbidities from occurring along with the implementation of early diagnosis and appropriate management strategies. This study is of prime importance especially among Primary care Physicians who are treating TB patients on routine basis. They are particularly important in TB control since they are usually the first to meet a TB suspect, before diagnosis occurs. Both HIV/AIDS and Diabetes mellitus are immunocompromised conditions and these comorbidities can affect the treatment outcomes of TB. Primary care physicians are essential in detecting TB suspects and treating them, thus contribute significantly to reducing the burden of TB.
据估计，全球每年有1000万人感染结核病（TB）。结核病仍然是全球十大死因之一，印度是世界上结核病患者数量最多的国家。造成这种情况的主要因素之一是存在糖尿病和艾滋病毒/艾滋病等合并症。
本研究的目的是确定2019年喀拉拉邦新诊断的结核病患者中糖尿病和艾滋病毒/艾滋病等合并症的患病率，并确定与之相关的因素。
利用NIKSHAY门户网站的二手数据进行了一项横断面研究。2019年1月至9月，喀拉拉邦14个地区共报告了16527例肺结核和肺外结核病例。使用一份清单，分别收集了患有糖尿病和艾滋病毒/艾滋病的结核病患者的年龄、性别、病例类型、患者类型、疾病部位、耐药性等数据。然后将数据录入Excel表格，并使用SPSS 23版进行分析。
在总共16527名研究人群中，大多数患者是60岁以上的老年人（28.6%）。结核病患者中糖尿病的患病率（22.6%）高于艾滋病毒/艾滋病（1.2%）。50-59岁年龄组的男性被发现与结核病-糖尿病合并症显著相关。糖尿病与肺结核患者显著相关，而艾滋病毒/艾滋病与肺外结核显著相关。
糖尿病和艾滋病毒/艾滋病都是对结核病患者的诊断和管理有重大影响的合并症。因此，迫切需要预防这些合并症的发生，同时实施早期诊断和适当的管理策略。这项研究尤为重要，特别是对于日常治疗结核病患者的初级保健医生。他们在结核病控制中尤为重要，因为在诊断之前，他们通常是第一个接触结核病疑似患者的人。艾滋病毒/艾滋病和糖尿病都是免疫功能低下的疾病，这些合并症会影响结核病的治疗结果。初级保健医生在检测和治疗结核病疑似患者方面至关重要，从而对减轻结核病负担做出重大贡献。
