Tulu Begna, Zewede Aboma, Belay Mulugeta, Zeleke Miserach, Girma Mussie, Tegegn Metasebia, Ibrahim Fozia, Jolliffe David A, Abebe Markos, Balcha Taye Tolera, Gumi Balako, Martineau Henny M, Martineau Adrian R, Ameni Gobena
Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Sefere Selam Campus, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Front Vet Sci. 2021 Feb 17;8:595511. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.595511. eCollection 2021.
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) continues to be one of the most widely distributed chronic infectious diseases of zoonotic importance, which causes a significant economic loss in animal production. A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of bTB and its associated risk factors and type the isolated in central Ethiopia. A total of 65 dairy farms and 654 cattle were tested for bTB using a single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT) test. Data on farm management, animal-related characteristics, and the owner's knowledge of the zoonotic importance of bTB were collected using a structured questionnaire. In addition, a total of 16 animals from different farms were identified for postmortem examination. Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) culture was also conducted, and spoligotyping was used to type the strains isolated. Chi-square test and logistic regression models were used to analyze the herd- and animal-level risk factors. Herd- and animal-level prevalence rates of bTB were 58.5% (95% CI: 46.2%-69.2%) and 39.3% (95% CI: 35.5%-43.5%), respectively. At the herd level, poor farm management was the predictor for bTB positivity ( < 0.05). Animal breed, poor BCS, farm type, and poor farm management conditions were significant predictors of bTB positivity ( < 0.05) at an individual animal level. All animals identified for postmortem examination were found to have gross TB-like lesions. A total of 14 strains were identified from 12 animals that were positive for LJ culture. The strain with the largest number of clusters (five isolates) was SB1176, followed by SB0134 (three isolates), SB0192 (two isolates), and SB2233 (two isolates), and two new strains, each consisting of only one isolate. The majority (58.5%) of the respondents did not know the zoonotic importance of bTB. The result of this study showed a high prevalence of bTB in the Addis Ababa milkshed and a low level of consciousness of the owners on its transmission to humans. Therefore, the launching of acceptable control measures of bTB and the creation of public awareness about its zoonotic transmission and prevention measures are required.
牛结核病（bTB）仍然是分布最广泛的具有人畜共患病重要性的慢性传染病之一，它给动物生产造成了重大经济损失。开展了一项横断面研究，以估计埃塞俄比亚中部牛结核病的流行率及其相关风险因素，并对分离株进行分型。使用单一皮内比较颈静脉结核菌素（SICCT）试验对总共65个奶牛场和654头牛进行了牛结核病检测。通过结构化问卷收集了有关农场管理、动物相关特征以及养殖户对牛结核病的人畜共患病重要性的了解情况的数据。此外，总共从不同农场挑选了16头动物进行尸检。还进行了罗-琴（LJ）培养，并使用间隔寡核苷酸分型法对分离出的菌株进行分型。采用卡方检验和逻辑回归模型分析畜群和个体水平的风险因素。牛结核病在畜群和个体水平的流行率分别为58.5%（95%置信区间：46.2%-69.2%）和39.3%（95%置信区间：35.5%-43.5%）。在畜群水平上，农场管理不善是牛结核病呈阳性的预测因素（<0.05）。在个体动物水平上，动物品种、体况评分差、农场类型和农场管理条件差是牛结核病呈阳性的显著预测因素（<0.05）。所有被挑选进行尸检的动物均发现有类似结核病的肉眼病变。从12头LJ培养呈阳性的动物中总共鉴定出14株菌株。聚类数量最多的菌株（5株分离株）是SB1176，其次是SB0134（3株分离株）、SB0192（2株分离株）和SB2233（2株分离株），还有两株新菌株，每株仅由1株分离株组成。大多数（58.5%）受访者不知道牛结核病的人畜共患病重要性。本研究结果表明，亚的斯亚贝巴奶区牛结核病流行率很高，养殖户对其向人类传播的认识水平很低。因此，需要推出可接受的牛结核病控制措施，并提高公众对其人畜共患病传播及预防措施的认识。
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