Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia.
Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
Open Vet J. 2024 Jun;14(6):1330-1344. doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i6.2. Epub 2024 Jun 30.
The frequent zoonotic disease known as "bovine tuberculosis" is brought on by the bacteria, which can infect both people and animals. The aim of this review article is to provide an explanation of the etiology, history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, transmission, risk factors, public health importance, economic impact, treatment, and control of bovine tuberculosis. Primarily, bovine tuberculosis affects cattle, but other animals may also be affected. Bovine tuberculosis is present throughout the world, with the exception of Antarctica. Cattle that contract bovine tuberculosis might suffer from a persistent, crippling illness. In the early stages of the disease, there are no symptoms. The tuberculin test is the primary method for detecting bovine tuberculosis in cows. Depending on its localized site in the infected animal, can be found in respiratory secretions, milk, urine, feces, vaginal secretions, semen, feces, and exudates from lesions (such as lymph node drainage and some skin lesions). This illness generally lowers cattle productivity and could have a negative financial impact on the livestock business, particularly the dairy industry. The most effective first-line anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy consists of isoniazid, ethambutol, rifampin, and streptomycin. Second-line drugs used against bovine tuberculosis include ethionamide, capreomycin, thioacetazone, and cycloserine. To successfully control and eradicate bovine tuberculosis, developed nations have implemented routine testing and culling of infected animals under national mandatory programs.
一种常见的人畜共患传染病“牛型结核”，是由这种细菌引起的，它可以感染人和动物。本文旨在阐述牛型结核的病因、历史、流行病学、发病机制、临床症状、诊断、传播、危险因素、公共卫生重要性、经济影响、治疗和控制。牛型结核主要感染牛，但其他动物也可能受到感染。牛型结核存在于世界各地，除南极洲外。感染牛型结核的牛可能会患上持续的、致残的疾病。在疾病的早期，没有症状。牛型结核的主要检测方法是结核菌素试验。根据其在感染动物中的局部位置，可在呼吸道分泌物、牛奶、尿液、粪便、阴道分泌物、精液、粪便和病变渗出物（如淋巴结引流和一些皮肤病变）中发现。这种疾病通常会降低牛的生产力，并对畜牧业，特别是奶制品行业产生负面影响。最有效的一线抗结核化疗药物包括异烟肼、乙胺丁醇、利福平、链霉素。用于治疗牛型结核的二线药物包括乙硫异烟胺、卡那霉素、硫代乙酰胺和环丝氨酸。为了成功地控制和消灭牛型结核，发达国家在国家强制计划下，对受感染的动物进行常规检测和扑杀。
