Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Tainan Branch, Tainan, Taiwan.
Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Tainan Branch, Tainan, Taiwan.
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020 Mar;55(3):105924. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924. Epub 2020 Feb 17.
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; previously provisionally named 2019 novel coronavirus or 2019-nCoV) disease (COVID-19) in China at the end of 2019 has caused a large global outbreak and is a major public health issue. As of 11 February 2020, data from the World Health Organization (WHO) have shown that more than 43 000 confirmed cases have been identified in 28 countries/regions, with >99% of cases being detected in China. On 30 January 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 as the sixth public health emergency of international concern. SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to two bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome-like coronaviruses, bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21. It is spread by human-to-human transmission via droplets or direct contact, and infection has been estimated to have mean incubation period of 6.4 days and a basic reproduction number of 2.24-3.58. Among patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 (novel coronavirus pneumonia or Wuhan pneumonia), fever was the most common symptom, followed by cough. Bilateral lung involvement with ground-glass opacity was the most common finding from computed tomography images of the chest. The one case of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in the USA is responding well to remdesivir, which is now undergoing a clinical trial in China. Currently, controlling infection to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is the primary intervention being used. However, public health authorities should keep monitoring the situation closely, as the more we can learn about this novel virus and its associated outbreak, the better we can respond.
2019 年底，中国出现了严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2；先前临时命名为 2019 年新型冠状病毒或 2019-nCoV）疾病（COVID-19），引发了全球大爆发，成为主要的公共卫生问题。截至 2020 年 2 月 11 日，世界卫生组织（WHO）的数据显示，在 28 个国家/地区已确诊超过 43000 例病例，其中 99%以上的病例在中国。2020 年 1 月 30 日，世界卫生组织宣布 COVID-19 为第六次国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。SARS-CoV-2 与两种源自蝙蝠的严重急性呼吸综合征样冠状病毒密切相关，即蝙蝠-SL-CoVZC45 和蝙蝠-SL-CoVZXC21。它通过飞沫或直接接触传播，人际传播，感染的平均潜伏期估计为 6.4 天，基本繁殖数为 2.24-3.58。在由 SARS-CoV-2（新型冠状病毒肺炎或武汉肺炎）引起的肺炎患者中，发热是最常见的症状，其次是咳嗽。胸部计算机断层扫描图像最常见的表现是双侧肺部磨玻璃样混浊。美国的一例 SARS-CoV-2 肺炎对瑞德西韦反应良好，该药目前正在中国进行临床试验。目前，控制感染以防止 SARS-CoV-2 的传播是主要的干预措施。但是，公共卫生当局应密切监测疫情，因为我们对这种新型病毒及其相关疫情了解得越多，我们的应对就会越好。
