哮喘儿童使用吸入皮质类固醇的口腔健康状况。

Oral health status of asthmatic children using inhaled corticosteroids.

机构信息

Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Dentistry, , Ankara, Turkey.

Department of Pediatric Allergy, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

出版信息

Turk J Pediatr. 2021;63(1):77-85. doi: 10.24953/turkjped.2021.01.009.

DOI:10.24953/turkjped.2021.01.009

PMID:33686829

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Due to the increase in the prevalence of asthma, especially in childhood, oral health problems arising from the use of asthma medications have become a major health concern. Inhaled corticosteroids are widely used since they are the cornerstone of asthma management. This study aimed to investigate the effects of inhaled corticosteroids on oral health and various factors regarding active ingredients in inhalers, inhaler-spacer device use, rinsing the mouth after administration of inhaler, oral hygiene practices and parents` education on dental caries susceptibility in young children with asthma.

METHODS

Children with asthma who were treated with inhaled corticosteroids for at least 6 months were included in the study. A questionnaire related to demographic characteristics and oral health practices of children was conducted with parents and the children were examined using a dental mirror and probe under dental unit lighting after air-drying the teeth.

RESULTS

Oral health status was evaluated in 115 children, 54 (42-66) months old, 61% male and 39% female with determination of dmft-dmfs, DMFT-DMFS, ICDAS II, plaque index and gingival index. No statistically significant difference was found between sugar-containing and sugar-free inhalers, duration of inhaled corticosteroid use, inhaler-spacer device use, rinsing the mouth after administration of inhaler and dmft-dmfs, DMFT-DMFS, plaque and gingival index (p > 0.05). Long-term inhaled corticosteroid use was significantly associated with oral candidiasis (p=0.029). Also, the results showed that mothers educational level had a significant effect on childrens oral health (p dmft/dmfs < 0.001; p gingival index =0.049; p plaque index =0.005).

CONCLUSION

Due to the effect of immunosuppression, long-term use of inhaled corticosteroids enhances the risk of development of the opportunistic pathogen candida. Regular dental visits and preventive dental treatments are needed in these patients for healthy oral status.

摘要

背景

由于哮喘的患病率增加，尤其是在儿童中，使用哮喘药物引起的口腔健康问题已成为一个主要的健康关注点。吸入皮质类固醇被广泛使用，因为它们是哮喘管理的基石。本研究旨在探讨吸入皮质类固醇对口腔健康的影响，以及吸入器中的活性成分、吸入器-喷雾器装置的使用、使用吸入器后漱口、口腔卫生习惯以及父母对哮喘儿童龋齿易感性的教育等各种因素。

方法

纳入接受吸入皮质类固醇治疗至少 6 个月的哮喘儿童。通过问卷调查的方式，向家长了解与儿童人口统计学特征和口腔健康实践相关的问题，并在牙科单元照明下使用牙科镜和探针检查儿童的口腔。

结果

评估了 115 名年龄在 54（42-66）个月、61%为男性和 39%为女性的儿童的口腔健康状况，包括 dmft-dmfs、DMFT-DMFS、ICDAS II、菌斑指数和牙龈指数。在含糖和无糖吸入器、吸入皮质类固醇使用时间、使用吸入器-喷雾器装置、使用吸入器后漱口与 dmft-dmfs、DMFT-DMFS、菌斑和牙龈指数之间未发现有统计学意义的差异（p>0.05）。长期使用吸入皮质类固醇与口腔念珠菌病显著相关（p=0.029）。此外，研究结果表明，母亲的教育水平对儿童的口腔健康有显著影响（p dmft/dmfs < 0.001；p 牙龈指数 =0.049；p 菌斑指数 =0.005）。