Tessler Robert A, Haviland Miriam Joan, Bowen Andrew, Bowen Deidre, Rivara Frederick P, Rowhani-Rahbar Ali
Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
The Firearm Injury & Policy Research Program at Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Inj Prev. 2022 Feb;28(1):32-37. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2020-044052. Epub 2021 Mar 9.
To determine if an association exists between the number of driving under the influence (DUI) convictions required to activate federal firearms prohibitions and annual firearm homicide and suicide rates by state.
Ecological cross-sectional study of all US states from 2013 to 2017. We collected DUI law data from Thomson Reuters Westlaw database and firearm mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Vital Statistics programme.
Five states had laws such that one or two DUI convictions could result in prohibitions to firearms access according to federal law. Four states had no legal framework that would restrict firearms access because of DUI convictions; the remaining states could activate federal restrictions at three or more DUI convictions. Firearm-specific homicide (victimisations) rates were 19% lower among women in states where federal restrictions of firearms access occurred after one or two DUI offences (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.81; 95% CI 0.64 to 1.01) and 18% lower in states with firearm prohibitions after three or more offences (IRR 0.82; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.95) compared with the states with no legal framework for prohibiting firearms after DUI convictions. There was no association between number of DUI activations and overall, or firearm-specific, suicide among the entire population (men and women) or among only women, or only men.
DUI penalties that activate federal firearms prohibitions may be one pathway to reduce firearm homicide of female victims.
确定激活联邦枪支禁令所需的酒后驾车（DUI）定罪数量与各州年度枪支凶杀率和自杀率之间是否存在关联。
对2013年至2017年美国所有州进行生态横断面研究。我们从汤森路透Westlaw数据库收集了酒后驾车法律数据，并从疾病控制和预防中心生命统计计划收集了枪支死亡率数据。
五个州的法律规定，一两次酒后驾车定罪可能导致根据联邦法律禁止获取枪支。四个州没有因酒后驾车定罪而限制获取枪支的法律框架；其余州在三次或更多次酒后驾车定罪后可激活联邦限制。在因一两次酒后驾车犯罪后实施联邦枪支获取限制的州，女性的特定枪支凶杀（受害）率降低了19%（发病率比（IRR）0.81；95%置信区间0.64至1.01），在三次或更多次犯罪后实施枪支禁令的州，女性的特定枪支凶杀率降低了18%（IRR 0.82；95%置信区间0.71至0.95），而与酒后驾车定罪后没有禁止枪支法律框架的州相比。在整个人口（男性和女性）中，或仅在女性或仅男性中，酒后驾车激活次数与总体自杀或特定枪支自杀之间没有关联。
激活联邦枪支禁令的酒后驾车处罚可能是减少女性受害者枪支凶杀案的一条途径。
