Department of Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Accra Technical University, Accra, Ghana.
BMJ Open. 2021 Mar 9;11(3):e044246. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044246.
This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of disability and associated factors and further quantify the associated sex differential among Ghana's workforce aged 15+ years.
A nationally stratified cross-sectional study.
Ghana.
Individuals aged 15 years and above.
Disability that limits full participation in life activities.
Three predictive models involving Poisson, logistic and probit regression were performed to assess the association between disability and covariates. Modified Poisson multivariate decomposition analysis method was employed to assess sex differential and associated factors using Stata V.16.
The prevalence of disability was 2.1% (95% CI 1.2 to 2.4), and the risk of disability among males was approximately twice compared with females (Poisson estimate: adjusted prevalence ratio (95% CI)=1.94 (1.46 to 2.57); logistic estimate: aOR (95% CI)=2.32 (1.73 to 3.12)). Male sex increased the log odds of disability by 0.37 (probit estimate, aβ (95% CI)=0.37 (0.23 to 0.50)). The variability in age group, marital status, household (HH) size, region, place of residence, relationship to HH head, hours of work per week and asset-based wealth were significantly associated with disability-based sex differential. (Significant increased endowment: β×10 (95% CI×10)=-37.48 (-56.81 to -18.16) and significant decreased coefficient: β×10 (95% CI×10)=42.31 (21.11 to 63.49).) All disability participants were challenged with activities of daily living, limiting them in full participation in life activities such as mobility, work and social life.
The magnitude of experiencing disability among working males was nearly twice that of females. Sex differentials were significantly associated with age groups, marital status, HH size, region of residence, relationship to HH head, hours of work per week and wealth. Our findings amass the provisional needs of persons living with a disability that are indicators to consider to achieve the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Article 10. In addition, formulation of workplace policies should adopt a gender-sensitive approach to reduce disparities and eliminate disability in the target population.
本研究旨在估计残疾的流行率及其相关因素，并进一步量化加纳 15 岁以上劳动力中残疾的相关性别差异。
全国分层横断面研究。
加纳。
年龄在 15 岁及以上的个人。
限制全面参与生活活动的残疾。
使用泊松、逻辑和概率回归三种预测模型来评估残疾与协变量之间的关联。使用 Stata V.16 采用修正泊松多元分解分析方法评估性别差异和相关因素。
残疾的流行率为 2.1%（95%CI 1.2 至 2.4），男性残疾的风险大约是女性的两倍（泊松估计：调整后的患病率比（95%CI）=1.94（1.46 至 2.57）；逻辑估计：aOR（95%CI）=2.32（1.73 至 3.12））。男性性别使残疾的对数几率增加了 0.37（概率估计，aβ（95%CI）=0.37（0.23 至 0.50））。年龄组、婚姻状况、家庭（HH）规模、地区、居住地、与 HH 负责人的关系、每周工作时间和基于资产的财富的差异与残疾性别差异显著相关。（显著增加的赋权：β×10（95%CI×10）=-37.48（-56.81 至-18.16）和显著减少的系数：β×10（95%CI×10）=42.31（21.11 至 63.49））。）所有残疾参与者都面临日常生活活动的挑战，限制了他们全面参与生活活动，如移动、工作和社交生活。
男性工作者残疾的严重程度几乎是女性的两倍。性别差异与年龄组、婚姻状况、HH 规模、居住地区、与 HH 负责人的关系、每周工作时间和财富显著相关。我们的研究结果积累了残疾人生存的暂定需求，这些需求是实现《联合国残疾人权利公约》第 10 条的指标。此外，制定工作场所政策应采取对性别敏感的方法，以减少目标人群中的差异并消除残疾。
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