Sarmiento-Marulanda Laura Camila, Aguilera-Char Amira Ayleen, González-Gil Catalina, López-López Wilson
Psychology Faculty and Head of Social and Organizational Psychology, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus Universitario del Puente del Común, Km. 7. Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chia, Colombia.
Law, Political and Social Sciences Faculty, Universidad La Gran Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
Arch Public Health. 2021 Mar 10;79(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s13690-021-00548-w.
After 9 years of the ground-breaking social policy Law 1448 of 2011 -Victims Law- and its extension until 2030, the Colombian State and other stakeholders have made several efforts towards granting the right of integral reparation for more than 9 million victims that are recognized in the Colombian transitional context. Psychosocial rehabilitation is a Victims Law's reparation measure whose objective is to re-establish the psychosocial, physical and mental health welfare in the individual, familiar and community levels. This study aims to understand the experiences of psychosocial rehabilitation of women victims of armed conflict in Montes de Maria and the underlying social intervention paradigms that guide the Law's implementation.
Based on a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach, narrative tools and thematic network analysis permitted to give voice to the women participants. Individual narrative interviews were conducted with 12 women victims and a focus group with eight of them was used as a triangulation strategy.
Although the Victims Law is oriented by a sociopolitical intervention paradigm, the stories of the women's victims of Montes de María mainly evidenced non-sociopolitical interventions with humanitarian assistance towards revictimization and State abandonment. As a coping mechanism towards the State negligence encountered, women strive to overcome psychosocial trauma by developing agency and community resources for the resignification of the traumatic experiences and peacebuilding.
For the Victims Law to achieve its integrality aim, the psychosocial approach should be implemented through all its measures but remains absent in Montes de Maria. The diversity of victim's individual and collective initiatives that were found, can contribute towards transformative and participatory psychosocial intervention with community's resources. Women victims can perform as advisors and collaborators in the implementation of individual and collective reparation, which remains as an opportunity for psychosocial rehabilitation and peacebuilding. Further monitoring and evaluation of the law with a territorial and differential perspective is required to respond to the victim's needs.
在具有开创性意义的2011年第1448号社会政策法——《受害者法》实施9年后，该法延期至2030年，哥伦比亚国家及其他利益相关方为在哥伦比亚过渡背景下为900多万受害者争取全面赔偿权做出了多项努力。心理社会康复是《受害者法》规定的一项赔偿措施，其目标是在个人、家庭和社区层面重建心理社会、身心健康福利。本研究旨在了解蒙特斯·德玛丽亚地区武装冲突女性受害者的心理社会康复经历以及指导该法实施的潜在社会干预模式。
基于定性设计和现象学方法，叙事工具和主题网络分析使参与研究的女性能够表达自己的想法。对12名女性受害者进行了个人叙事访谈，并以其中8人组成焦点小组作为三角验证策略。
尽管《受害者法》以社会政治干预模式为导向，但蒙特斯·德玛丽亚地区女性受害者的经历主要表明，存在非社会政治干预，包括对再次受害和国家遗弃行为的人道主义援助。作为应对国家疏忽的一种应对机制，女性努力通过发展能动性和社区资源来重新诠释创伤经历并建设和平，从而克服心理社会创伤。
为使《受害者法》实现其全面性目标，应在其所有措施中实施心理社会方法，但在蒙特斯·德玛丽亚地区该方法仍未得到应用。所发现的受害者个人和集体举措的多样性，有助于利用社区资源开展变革性和参与性心理社会干预。女性受害者可以在个人和集体赔偿的实施过程中担任顾问和合作者，这仍然是心理社会康复与建设和平的一个契机。需要从地域和差异化角度对该法进行进一步监测和评估，以满足受害者的需求。
