Quintero-González Sandra Milena, Madariaga-Orozco Camilo Alberto, Millán-de Lange Anthony Constant, Castellar-Jiménez Diany Marcela, Palacio-Sañudo Jorge Enrique
Departamento de Psicología, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia.
Front Psychol. 2020 Dec 21;11:603964. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.603964. eCollection 2020.
Colombia is the second country with the highest number of internally displaced persons. In the last 10 years, more than 400,000 young people carry, in their life experiences, the title of victims. The psychological and social circumstances that determine the lives of displaced young people in the world are not unknown. Fear, the poor resources for social adaptation available to them, and the possible reproduction of the cycle of violence, represent psychosocial risk factors in the young and displaced population. In this context, the Victims Law in Colombia stipulated various measures of repairment, including Relocation (the person or household victim of forced displacement decides to settle in some place, other than the one they were forced to leave) and Return (the person or the household victim of forced displacement decides to return to the place from which they were displaced, in order to settle indefinitely) provided the conditions of voluntariness, security, and dignity are present. A hypothesis that well-being will be better in the returnees was set, since they would strengthen the social support networks between neighbors and other victims in their old spaces of life. To test the hypothesis, the scales of Psychological Well-being, Social Well-being, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Psychosocial Trauma Scale were applied to young returnees ( = 129) and relocated ( = 259) in Colombia. The Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed to extract the general measure of well-being and psychosocial trauma followed by the comparison between the groups. Significance, power, and effect size indicators were obtained, and finally, the partial correlation between the groups was made in relation to psychosocial trauma and well-being. Results showed that returnees have greater well-being and clearer indicators ( = 0.365, 1-β = 0.996), with respect to that of relocated. In addition, the well-being of returnees has fewer trauma factors, who in turn are quasi-moderated by the situation of return or relocation.
哥伦比亚是国内流离失所者人数第二多的国家。在过去十年中，超过40万年轻人在其生活经历中背负着受害者的身份。决定全球流离失所青年生活的心理和社会环境并非不为人知。恐惧、他们可用于社会适应的资源匮乏以及暴力循环可能的重现，是年轻流离失所人群中的心理社会风险因素。在这种背景下，哥伦比亚的《受害者法》规定了各种补救措施，包括重新安置（被迫流离失所的个人或家庭决定在除他们被迫离开的地方之外的其他地方定居）和返回（被迫流离失所的个人或家庭决定返回他们流离失所的地方以便无限期定居），前提是具备自愿、安全和尊严的条件。提出了一个假设，即返乡者的幸福感会更好，因为他们将加强邻里之间以及他们旧生活空间中其他受害者之间的社会支持网络。为了验证这一假设，对哥伦比亚的返乡青年（ = 129）和重新安置的青年（ = 259）应用了心理健康量表、社会幸福感量表、生活满意度量表和心理社会创伤量表。进行探索性和验证性因素分析以提取幸福感和心理社会创伤的综合测量指标，然后进行组间比较。获得了显著性、功效和效应大小指标，最后，对心理社会创伤和幸福感进行了组间偏相关分析。结果表明，与重新安置的人相比，返乡者具有更高的幸福感和更明确的指标（ = 0.365，1-β = 0.996）。此外，返乡者的幸福感创伤因素较少，而这些因素又受到返回或重新安置情况的准调节。
