Dadari Ibrahim K, Zgibor Janice C
College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.
United Nations Children's Fund, Pacific Office, Solomon Islands.
J Glob Health. 2021 Jan 31;11:04004. doi: 10.7189/jogh.11.04004.
Most vaccines are recommended for storage at temperatures of +2°C to +8°C to maintain potency. Immunization supply chain bottlenecks constraints reaching populations with life-saving vaccines. The World Health Organization permits the use of vaccines outside the cold chain as "controlled temperature chain (CTC)" upon meeting certain conditions and has set targets to license more vaccines CTC by 2020.
This scoping review aims to explore and synthesize the evidence in the literature on how the use of vaccines outside the cold chain or in a controlled temperature chain increases immunization coverage in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), with a focus on the timelines of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (2011-2020).
A systematic search of three online databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) due to their broad coverage of global health sciences retrieved 173 original peer-reviewed articles, of which 13 were included in the review having met our inclusion criteria.
The majority of the studies were conducted in Africa (n = 9), followed by Asia (n = 3), and the least in the Pacific (n = 1). The different study designs captured included four non-randomized trials, three randomized trials, two simulation models, two cross-sectional studies, and one cohort study. Reported benefits included increased coverage, logistical ease, cost savings while vaccines remain potent.
Currently, only two vaccines have been licensed to be stored CTC. More needs to be done to get additional vaccines licensed for CTC and disseminate operational guidance to operationalize its use in low- and middle-income countries.
大多数疫苗建议储存于2°C至8°C的温度下以保持效力。免疫接种供应链瓶颈限制了向人群提供救命疫苗。世界卫生组织在满足某些条件时允许在冷链之外使用疫苗作为“控温链（CTC）”，并设定了到2020年批准更多疫苗用于控温链的目标。
本范围综述旨在探索和综合文献中关于在低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）在冷链之外或控温链中使用疫苗如何提高免疫接种覆盖率的证据，重点关注全球疫苗行动计划（2011 - 2020年）的时间表。
由于三个在线数据库（PubMed、Embase和Web of Science）对全球健康科学的广泛覆盖，对其进行系统检索，共检索到173篇经同行评审的原创文章，其中13篇符合纳入标准并被纳入综述。
大多数研究在非洲进行（n = 9），其次是亚洲（n = 3），在太平洋地区最少（n = 1）。纳入的不同研究设计包括四项非随机试验、三项随机试验、两个模拟模型、两项横断面研究和一项队列研究。报告的益处包括覆盖率提高、后勤便利、成本节约且疫苗保持效力。
目前，只有两种疫苗被批准可在控温链中储存。需要做更多工作以使更多疫苗获得控温链批准，并传播操作指南以在低收入和中等收入国家实施其应用。
