Laboratório de Ecologia e Processos Microbianos, Departamento de Engenharia Bioquímica, Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Vegetal e Bioprocessos, Decania, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, RJ, Brazil.
Braz J Microbiol. 2021 Jun;52(2):727-738. doi: 10.1007/s42770-021-00458-7. Epub 2021 Mar 11.
Azo dyes are widely used in the textile industry due to their resistance to light, moisture, and oxidants. They are also an important class of environmental contaminant because of the amount of dye that reaches natural water resources and because they can be toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic. Different technologies are used for the decolorization of wastewater containing dyes; among them, the biological processes are the most promising environmentally. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of Phanerochaete chrysosporium strain ME-446 to safely decolorize three azo dyes: Direct Yellow 27 (DY27), Reactive Black 5 (RB5), and Reactive Red 120 (RR120). Decolorization efficiency was determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and the phytotoxicity of the solutions before and after the fungal treatment was analyzed using Lactuca sativa seeds. P. chrysosporium ME-446 was highly efficient in decolorizing DY27, RB5, and RR120 at 50 mg L, decreasing their colors by 82%, 89%, and 94% within 10 days. Removal of dyes was achieved through adsorption on the fungal mycelium as well as biodegradation, inferred by the changes in the dyes' spectral peaks. The intensive decolorization of DY27 and RB5 corresponded to a decrease in phytotoxicity. However, phytotoxicity increased during the removal of color for the dye RR120. The ecotoxicity tests showed that the absence of color does not necessarily translate to an absence of toxicity.
偶氮染料由于其对光、湿度和氧化剂的抵抗力而在纺织工业中被广泛使用。它们也是一类重要的环境污染物，因为到达自然水资源的染料量很大，而且它们可能具有毒性、致突变性和致癌性。有许多不同的技术可用于处理含有染料的废水的脱色；其中，生物过程在环境方面最有前途。本研究的目的是评估 Phanerochaete chrysosporium 菌株 ME-446 安全脱色三种偶氮染料的潜力：直接黄 27（DY27）、活性黑 5（RB5）和活性红 120（RR120）。通过紫外-可见分光光度法确定脱色效率，并使用莴苣种子分析真菌处理前后溶液的植物毒性。P. chrysosporium ME-446 能够高效地在 50mg/L 下脱色 DY27、RB5 和 RR120，在 10 天内将它们的颜色分别降低 82%、89%和 94%。染料的去除是通过吸附在真菌菌丝体上以及生物降解来实现的，这可以从染料光谱峰的变化中推断出来。DY27 和 RB5 的强烈脱色对应于植物毒性的降低。然而，在 RR120 颜色去除过程中，植物毒性增加。生态毒性测试表明，没有颜色并不一定意味着没有毒性。
