Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Jul;28(27):36303-36313. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13238-5. Epub 2021 Mar 10.
Bixafen (BIX) is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI)-class fungicide that is used to control crop diseases. However, data on the toxicity of BIX to zebrafish are limited. Here, zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0.1, 0.3, and 0.9 μM BIX. After BIX exposure, zebrafish embryos exhibited cardiac dysplasia and dysfunction, including pericardial edema, reduced heart rate, and drastically decreased erythrocytes in the cardiac area; the severity of these negative effects increased with BIX concentration and the duration of BIX exposure. In addition, the transcription levels of erythropoiesis-related genes decreased significantly in BIX-treated embryos, as compared to untreated control embryos. Similarly, compared with the control, key genes responsible for cardiac development (myh6, nkx2.5, and myh7) also exhibited dysregulated expression patterns in response to BIX treatment, suggesting that BIX might specifically affect cardiac development. Finally, cell apoptosis was induced in embryos after BIX treatment. In combination, our results suggested that exposure to BIX induced cardiac toxicity in zebrafish. These data will be valuable for future evaluations of the environmental risks of BIX.
双炔酰菌胺（BIX）是一种琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂（SDHI）类杀菌剂，用于防治作物病害。然而，关于 BIX 对斑马鱼毒性的数据有限。本研究将斑马鱼胚胎暴露于 0.1、0.3 和 0.9 μM 的 BIX 中。BIX 暴露后，斑马鱼胚胎表现出心脏畸形和功能障碍，包括心包水肿、心率降低和心脏区域红细胞明显减少；这些负面影响的严重程度随着 BIX 浓度和暴露时间的增加而增加。此外，与未处理的对照组胚胎相比，BIX 处理的胚胎中与红细胞生成相关的基因转录水平显著降低。同样，与对照组相比，心脏发育关键基因（myh6、nkx2.5 和 myh7）在 BIX 处理后也表现出失调的表达模式，表明 BIX 可能特异性地影响心脏发育。最后，BIX 处理后胚胎中诱导了细胞凋亡。综合来看，我们的结果表明 BIX 暴露会引起斑马鱼的心脏毒性。这些数据将有助于未来评估 BIX 的环境风险。
