USDA Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA.
Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
J Nutr. 2021 Jun 1;151(6):1443-1452. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab019.
Prior studies of adults with constipation or diarrhea suggest that dietary intake, physical activity, and stress may affect stool consistency. However, the influence of these factors is unresolved and has not been investigated in healthy adults.
We assessed the relations of technician-scored stool consistency in healthy adults with self-reported diet, objectively monitored physical activity, and quantifiable markers of stress.
Stool consistency was scored by an independent technician using the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) to analyze samples provided by healthy adults, aged 18-65 y, BMI 18-44 kg/m2, in the USDA Nutritional Phenotyping Study (n = 364). A subset of participants (n = 109) were also asked to rate their sample using the BSFS. Dietary intake was assessed with two to three 24-h recalls completed at home and energy expenditure from physical activity was monitored using an accelerometer in the 7-d period preceding the stool collection. Stress was measured using the Wheaton Chronic Stress Inventory and allostatic load (AL). Statistical and machine learning analyses were conducted to determine which dietary, physiological, lifestyle, and stress factors differed by stool form.
Technician-scored BSFS scores were significantly further (P = 0.003) from the central score (mean ± SEM distance: 1.41 ± 0.089) than the self-reported score (1.06 ± 0.086). Hard stool was associated with higher (P = 0.005) intake of saturated fat (13.8 ± 0.40 g/1000 kcal) than was normal stool (12.5 ± 0.30 g/1000 kcal). AL scores were lower for normal stool (2.49 ± 0.15) than for hard (3.07 ± 0.18) (P = 0.009) or soft stool (2.89 ± 0.18) (P = 0.049). Machine learning analyses revealed that various dietary components, physiological characteristics, and stress hormones predicted stool consistency.
Technician-scored stool consistency differed by dietary intake and stress hormones, but not by physical activity, in healthy adults.This trial was registered at clincialtrials.gov as NCT02367287.
先前针对成年人便秘或腹泻的研究表明，饮食摄入、身体活动和压力可能会影响粪便稠度。然而，这些因素的影响尚未得到解决，也尚未在健康成年人中进行调查。
我们评估了健康成年人中技术员评分的粪便稠度与自我报告的饮食、客观监测的身体活动以及可量化的压力标志物之间的关系。
使用独立技术员使用布里斯托粪便形态量表（Bristol Stool Form Scale，BSFS）对来自美国农业部营养表型研究（Nutritional Phenotyping Study，n=364）的 18-65 岁、BMI 为 18-44kg/m2 的健康成年人提供的样本进行评分。一小部分参与者（n=109）还被要求使用 BSFS 对其样本进行评分。饮食摄入通过在家中完成的两次到三次 24 小时回忆来评估，而在收集粪便前的 7 天内，使用加速度计监测身体活动的能量消耗。使用惠顿慢性压力量表（Wheaton Chronic Stress Inventory）和压力生物标志物（allostatic load，AL）来测量压力。进行统计和机器学习分析，以确定哪种饮食、生理、生活方式和压力因素会导致粪便形态不同。
技术员评分的 BSFS 评分明显（P=0.003）偏离中心评分（平均±SEM 距离：1.41±0.089），而自我报告的评分（1.06±0.086）。硬便与饱和脂肪（13.8±0.40g/1000kcal）的摄入（P=0.005）高于正常便（12.5±0.30g/1000kcal）。正常便的 AL 评分（2.49±0.15）低于硬便（3.07±0.18）（P=0.009）或软便（2.89±0.18）（P=0.049）。机器学习分析表明，各种饮食成分、生理特征和应激激素可预测粪便稠度。
在健康成年人中，技术员评分的粪便稠度因饮食摄入和应激激素而异，但与身体活动无关。这项试验在美国临床试验注册中心（clincialtrials.gov）注册，编号为 NCT02367287。
