European Precious Metal Federation, Brussels, Belgium.
ARCHE Consulting, Ghent (Wondelgem), Belgium.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2021 Jun;40(6):1678-1693. doi: 10.1002/etc.5026. Epub 2021 May 6.
Driven by Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 and the European Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC, we have re-evaluated the available chronic freshwater ecotoxicity data for ionic silver (Ag) using strict data quality criteria. In addition, we generated new chronic ecotoxicity data for species potentially sensitive to Ag (the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus, the cyanobacteria Anabaena flos-aquae, and the aquatic plant Lemna minor) using Ag nitrate as the test substance. The 10% effect concentrations for the most sensitive endpoint per test species were 0.31 µg dissolved Ag/L for B. calyciflorus (population size), 0.41 µg dissolved Ag/L for A. flos-aquae (growth rate), and 1.40 µg dissolved Ag/L for L. minor (root length). We included these values in the set of reliable chronic freshwater data, subsequently covering a total of 12 taxonomic groups and 15 species. Finally, we applied a species sensitivity distribution approach to the data set using various models. The best-fitting model (Rayleigh distribution) resulted in a threshold value protective for 95% of the species of 0.116 µg dissolved Ag/L. This value is considered reliable and conservative in terms of species protection and can be used as a solid basis for setting thresholds for Ag in freshwater after application of an appropriate assessment factor. Furthermore, this value represents reasonable worst-case conditions for bioavailability in European Union surface waters (low hardness and low dissolved organic carbon). Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1678-1693. © 2021 European Precious Metals Federation. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
受法规 (EC) No. 1272/2008 和欧洲水框架指令 2000/60/EC 的推动，我们使用严格的数据质量标准重新评估了可用的离子银 (Ag) 的慢性淡水生态毒性数据。此外，我们使用硝酸银作为测试物质，为可能对 Ag 敏感的物种（轮虫 Brachionus calyciflorus、蓝藻 Anabaena flos-aquae 和水生植物 Lemna minor）生成了新的慢性生态毒性数据。对于每种测试物种最敏感的终点，10%效应浓度为 0.31μg 溶解态 Ag/L 时，轮虫 B. calyciflorus 的种群数量、0.41μg 溶解态 Ag/L 时蓝藻 A. flos-aquae 的生长速率和 1.40μg 溶解态 Ag/L 时水生植物 L. minor 的根长。我们将这些值包含在可靠的慢性淡水数据集中，随后总共涵盖了 12 个分类群和 15 个物种。最后，我们使用各种模型对数据集应用物种敏感性分布方法。最佳拟合模型（瑞利分布）得出的保护阈值为 0.116μg 溶解态 Ag/L，保护了 95%的物种。该值在物种保护方面被认为是可靠和保守的，可以作为在应用适当评估因子后为淡水设定 Ag 阈值的坚实基础。此外，对于欧盟地表水的生物有效性（低硬度和低溶解有机碳）来说，该值代表了合理的最差情况。环境毒理化学 2021;40:1678-1693。 © 2021 欧洲贵金属联盟。环境毒理化学由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表 SETAC 出版。
