Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester.
Dev Psychol. 2021 Mar;57(3):443-456. doi: 10.1037/dev0001154.
Decision-making impairments during emerging adulthood confer risk for challenges in social and occupational roles and may increase the odds of developing health problems. Childhood maltreatment is related to maladaptation in cognitive and affective domains (e.g., executive functioning, emotion regulation) implicated in the development of decision-making capacities. This study investigates childhood maltreatment and subsequent childhood attention problems as developmental antecedents of decision making performance in emerging adulthood. At Wave 1, equal numbers of maltreated and non-maltreated children (Mage = 11.28, SD = .97; 51.5% female; mean family income: $22,530/year) were recruited to take part in a research summer camp. The current study includes a subset of participants (n = 379) from Wave 1 who completed the Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT) at Wave 2 (Mage = 19.68, SD = 1.12; 77.3% Black/African American, 11.1% White, 7.7% Hispanic, 4.0% Other race). The CGT measured decision-making performance by assessing betting behavior across trials that differed in probability of winning. ANOVA results showed that emerging adults who experienced maltreatment in childhood placed higher bets and less sensitively adjusted bets across trials varying in level of risk. Longitudinal structural equation modeling results indicated significant relationships between number of maltreatment subtypes and greater childhood inattention, controlling for IQ. In turn, greater attention problems in childhood predicted worse risk adjustment, or ability to modify betting based on the probability of winning on CGT trials. This mediated path shows one process by which maltreatment negatively affects decision making and risk taking processes in emerging adulthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
成年早期的决策障碍会增加在社会和职业角色中面临挑战的风险，并且可能增加出现健康问题的几率。儿童期虐待与认知和情感领域的适应不良有关（例如，执行功能、情绪调节），这些领域与决策能力的发展有关。本研究调查了儿童期虐待以及随后的儿童期注意问题，作为成年早期决策表现的发展前因。在第 1 波中，招募了数量相等的受虐待和未受虐待的儿童（Mage = 11.28，SD =.97；51.5%为女性；平均家庭收入：每年 22530 美元）参加研究夏令营。本研究包括来自第 1 波的一部分参与者（n = 379），他们在第 2 波完成了剑桥赌博任务（CGT）（Mage = 19.68，SD = 1.12；77.3%为黑人/非裔美国人，11.1%为白人，7.7%为西班牙裔，4.0%为其他种族）。CGT 通过评估在不同获胜概率的试验中下注行为来衡量决策表现。方差分析结果表明，在童年时期经历过虐待的成年早期个体在试验中风险水平不同时，下注金额更高，且下注调整不够敏感。纵向结构方程建模结果表明，在控制智商的情况下，受虐待的亚型数量与儿童期注意力不集中程度较高呈显著相关。反过来，儿童期注意力问题越严重，在 CGT 试验中根据获胜概率调整下注的能力越差。这种中介路径显示了一种过程，即虐待通过该过程对成年早期的决策和冒险过程产生负面影响。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。
