Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, United States of America.
Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, United States of America.
Child Abuse Negl. 2021 Oct;120:105215. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105215. Epub 2021 Jul 20.
The effects of child maltreatment (CM) on psychopathology are well-established, yet the complex effects of timing and chronicity of maltreatment exposure on the development of psychopathology are still unclear.
To elucidate developmental pathways from distinct dimensions of CM (chronicity and timing) to psychopathology during emerging adulthood using data from a longitudinal, multi-method study.
Children with and without maltreatment exposure were recruited at wave 1 (ages 10-12) to participate in a research summer camp. At wave 2, participants were recontacted during emerging adulthood (ages 18-22). The current study includes 391 participants (51.3% female; 77.5% Black, 11.3% white, 7.4% Hispanic, 3.8% other race).
Timing and chronicity of maltreatment exposures were coded from child protective services records using the Maltreatment Classification System. Childhood internalizing and externalizing symptoms were assessed using child- and camp counselor-report. Emerging adults completed self-report questionnaires and were interviewed about their current and past symptoms of psychopathology. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate direct and indirect links between childhood maltreatment dimensions (chronicity and timing) to adult psychopathology via childhood internalizing and externalizing.
Child maltreatment experiences that spanned several developmental periods, including both early and later childhood stages, predicted a cascade of both internalizing and externalizing symptoms in childhood that eventuated in greater symptoms of anxiety, depression, substance use disorder, and antisocial personality disorder in emerging adulthood.
Results suggest that chronic childhood maltreatment exposure is associated with multifinality in psychopathology presentations that can be detected in childhood and extend into emerging adulthood. Early prevention and intervention efforts to promote positive and safe parenting are essential to decrease the burden of mental health symptoms conferred by chronic maltreatment exposures on individuals, families, and public health systems.
儿童虐待（CM）对精神病理学的影响已得到充分证实，但虐待暴露的时间和持续性对精神病理学发展的复杂影响仍不清楚。
利用一项纵向多方法研究的数据，阐明从 CM 的不同维度（持续性和时间性）到成年早期精神病理学的发展途径。
在第 1 波（10-12 岁）中招募了有和没有虐待暴露的儿童参加研究夏令营。在第 2 波，在成年早期（18-22 岁）期间重新联系参与者。本研究包括 391 名参与者（51.3%女性；77.5%黑人，11.3%白人，7.4%西班牙裔，3.8%其他种族）。
使用虐待分类系统从儿童保护服务记录中对虐待暴露的时间和持续性进行编码。使用儿童和营地辅导员报告评估儿童期的内化和外化症状。成年早期参与者完成了自我报告问卷，并接受了关于他们当前和过去精神病理学症状的访谈。结构方程模型用于估计童年期虐待维度（持续性和时间性）与成年期精神病理学之间通过内化和外化的直接和间接联系。
跨越几个发展阶段的儿童虐待经历，包括早期和后期儿童阶段，预测了一连串的内化和外化症状，这些症状在儿童期发展为更严重的焦虑、抑郁、物质使用障碍和反社会人格障碍症状，直到成年早期。
结果表明，慢性儿童虐待暴露与精神病理学表现的多结局相关，这些表现可以在儿童期检测到，并延伸到成年早期。早期预防和干预措施，以促进积极和安全的育儿，对于减少由慢性虐待暴露对个人、家庭和公共卫生系统带来的心理健康症状负担至关重要。
