University of Rochester, Mt Hope Family Center, 187 Edinburgh St, Rochester, NY 14608, United States.
University of Rochester, Mt Hope Family Center, 187 Edinburgh St, Rochester, NY 14608, United States.
Child Abuse Negl. 2019 Jan;87:28-39. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.08.013. Epub 2018 Sep 14.
Maltreatment experiences are complex, and it is difficult to characterize the heterogeneity in types of maltreatment. Subtypes, such as emotional maltreatment, sexual abuse, physical abuse, and neglect commonly co-occur and may persist across development. Therefore, treating individual maltreatment subtypes as independently occurring is not representative of the nature of maltreatment as it occurs in children's lives. Latent class analysis (LCA) is employed herein to identify subgroups of maltreated children based on commonalities in maltreatment subtype and chronicity. In a sample of 674 low-income urban children, 51.6% of whom experienced officially documented maltreatment, our analyses identified four classes of children, with three distinct classes based on maltreatment subtypes and chronicity, and one group of children who did not experience maltreatment. The largest class of maltreated children identified was the chronic, multi-subtype maltreatment class (57% of maltreated children); a second class was characterized by only neglect in a single developmental period (31% of maltreated children), and the smallest class was characterized by a single subtype of maltreatment (emotional maltreatment, physical, or sexual abuse) occurring in a single developmental period (12% of maltreated children). Characterization of these groups confirms the overlapping nature of maltreatment subtypes. There were notable differences between latent classes on child behavioral and socio-emotional outcomes measured by child self-report and camp counselors report during a one-week summer camp. The largest differences were between the non-maltreated class and the chronic maltreatment class. Children who experienced chronic, multi-subtype maltreatment showed higher levels of externalizing behavior, emotion dysregulation, depression, and anxiety.
虐待经历是复杂的，很难描述虐待类型的异质性。情感虐待、性虐待、身体虐待和忽视等亚型通常共同发生，并可能在整个发育过程中持续存在。因此，将个体虐待亚型视为独立发生的情况并不代表儿童生活中虐待的性质。本研究采用潜在类别分析（LCA）根据虐待亚型和持续性的共同特征，对受虐待儿童进行亚组划分。在一个由 674 名低收入城市儿童组成的样本中，其中 51.6%的儿童经历过官方记录的虐待，我们的分析确定了四个儿童群体，其中三个群体基于虐待亚型和持续性，一个群体没有经历过虐待。确定的最大受虐待儿童群体是慢性、多亚型虐待群体（57%的受虐待儿童）；第二类群体的特点是仅在单个发展时期存在忽视（31%的受虐待儿童），最小的群体的特点是仅在单个发展时期存在单一的虐待亚型（情感虐待、身体虐待或性虐待）（12%的受虐待儿童）。这些群体的特征证实了虐待亚型的重叠性质。在为期一周的夏令营期间，通过儿童自我报告和营地辅导员报告来衡量儿童的行为和社会情感结果，在潜在类别之间存在显著差异。最大的差异存在于未受虐待群体和慢性虐待群体之间。经历慢性、多亚型虐待的儿童表现出更高水平的外化行为、情绪调节障碍、抑郁和焦虑。
