Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
PLoS One. 2021 Mar 11;16(3):e0247932. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247932. eCollection 2021.
The objective of this study was to assess the validity of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in a cohort of New Zealand children followed from birth to the age of eleven. The study also aimed to assess the stability of the child data in relation to behavioural outcomes during this period.
Children in the Auckland Birthweight Collaborative Study were assessed at approximately 3½, 7 and 11 years of age. At all time-points parents completed the parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the children themselves completed the self-report version at 11 years of age. The validity and internal consistency were assessed using exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and McDonald's Omega. Cross tabulations and Chi-square statistics were used to determine whether Total Difficulty scores, as per accepted cut-offs, remained stable over time (between normal and abnormal/borderline categories).
The factor structure remained relatively consistent across all three time-points, though several questions did not load as per the originally published factor analysis at the earliest age. The internal consistency of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was good at all time-points and for parent- and child-completed versions. There was low agreement in the total scores between time points.
The factor analysis shows that the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire has a similar factor structure, particularly in older ages, to that previously published and shows good internal consistency. At the pre-school follow up, a larger than expected proportion of children were identified with high scores, particularly in the conduct sub-scale. Children's behaviour changes over time, with only poor to moderate agreement between those identified as abnormal or borderline over the longitudinal follow up.
本研究旨在评估 Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire（长处与困难问卷）在新西兰儿童队列中的有效性，该队列从出生开始随访至 11 岁。该研究还旨在评估与该期间行为结果相关的儿童数据的稳定性。
奥克兰出生体重协作研究中的儿童在大约 3 岁半、7 岁和 11 岁时接受评估。在所有时间点，父母都完成了长处与困难问卷的家长版，而儿童本人在 11 岁时完成了自我报告版。使用探索性因素分析、Cronbach's alpha 和 McDonald's Omega 评估有效性和内部一致性。交叉表和卡方检验用于确定总困难评分（根据公认的截止值）是否随时间（在正常和异常/边界类别之间）保持稳定。
尽管在最早的年龄，几个问题没有按照最初的发表的因素分析加载，但在所有三个时间点，因子结构仍然相对一致。长处与困难问卷的内部一致性在所有时间点以及家长和儿童完成的版本中都很好。总分在不同时间点之间的一致性较低。
因子分析表明，长处与困难问卷的因子结构与之前发表的相似，尤其是在较年长的年龄，具有良好的内部一致性。在学前随访中，被确定为高分的儿童比例高于预期，尤其是在行为子量表中。儿童的行为随时间变化，在纵向随访中，被确定为异常或边界的个体之间只有较差到中等的一致性。
