Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Maringa (UEM), Maringa, Parana, Brazil.
Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Vitam Horm. 2021;115:185-219. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2020.12.010. Epub 2021 Feb 1.
Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of physiological function leading to increase in the vulnerability to death. This deterioration process occurs in all living organisms and is the primary risk factor for pathological conditions including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular diseases. Most of the age-related diseases have been associated with impairment of action of an important hormone, namely insulin. It is well-known that this hormone is a critical mediator of metabolism, growth, proliferation and differentiation. Insulin action depends on two processes that determine its circulating levels, insulin secretion and clearance, and insulin sensitivity in its target tissues. Aging has deleterious effects on these three mechanisms, impairing insulin action, thereby increasing the risk for diseases and death. Thus, improving insulin action may be an important strategy to have a healthier and longer life.
衰老是指生理功能逐渐丧失，导致对死亡的易感性增加。这个恶化过程发生在所有生物体中，是包括肥胖、2 型糖尿病、阿尔茨海默病和心血管疾病等病理状况的主要风险因素。大多数与年龄相关的疾病都与一种重要激素（即胰岛素）作用的损伤有关。众所周知，这种激素是代谢、生长、增殖和分化的关键介质。胰岛素作用取决于两个过程，即决定其循环水平的胰岛素分泌和清除，以及其靶组织的胰岛素敏感性。衰老是对这三个机制的有害影响，损害了胰岛素的作用，从而增加了患病和死亡的风险。因此，改善胰岛素作用可能是实现更健康、更长寿的重要策略。
