Sonagra Amit D, Parchwani Deepak, Singh Ragini, Dholariya Sagar, Motiani Anita, Ramavataram Dvss
Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, IND.
Biochemistry, Smt. B. K. Shah Medical Institute & Research Centre, Vadodara, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Mar 10;16(3):e55923. doi: 10.7759/cureus.55923. eCollection 2024 Mar.
Background Maternal obesity is a global health concern that leads to metabolic alterations in the offspring, making them vulnerable to metabolic disorders in adulthood. Early identification of such neonates would provide opportunities to positively alter modifiable risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) to prevent their occurrence later in life. Objectives This study aimed to assess and contrast insulin resistance (IR) levels in neonates born to mothers with obesity and those born to healthy, non-obese mothers. Methods This case-control study was conducted after approval from the institutional ethics committee. A total of 98 healthy, non-obese pregnant females were included in Group 1, and 68 obese pregnant females were included in Group 2. The participants were followed up until delivery and cord blood samples were collected after delivery. Neonatal glucose and insulin concentrations were estimated, and indices of IR such as homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and glucose-to-insulin ratio were calculated. Neonatal IR indices and anthropometric measurements were compared between the groups using the Z test and correlated with the maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) using Pearson's correlation. Additionally, Pearson's correlations were examined between neonatal IR indices and anthropometric measurements. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05. Results Neonates in Group 2 exhibited significantly higher anthropometric parameters and IR indices than those in Group 1. A statistically significant positive correlation was identified between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, neonatal anthropometric parameters, and IR. Furthermore, a statistically significant positive correlation was observed between neonatal IR and the anthropometric parameters. Conclusion Neonates born to obese mothers exhibited higher anthropometric parameters and insulin resistance than those born to non-obese, healthy mothers. Assessment of IR at birth can help identify neonates who are at higher risk of developing NCD in later life. Timely promotion of a healthy lifestyle can reduce the occurrence of NCDs in later life.
孕产妇肥胖是一个全球性的健康问题，会导致后代出现代谢改变，使其在成年后易患代谢紊乱疾病。尽早识别这类新生儿将为积极改变非传染性疾病（NCD）的可改变风险因素提供机会，以预防其在日后生活中发生。
本研究旨在评估和对比肥胖母亲所生新生儿与健康、非肥胖母亲所生新生儿的胰岛素抵抗（IR）水平。
本病例对照研究在获得机构伦理委员会批准后进行。第1组纳入98名健康、非肥胖的孕妇，第2组纳入68名肥胖孕妇。对参与者进行随访直至分娩，并在分娩后采集脐血样本。估计新生儿血糖和胰岛素浓度，并计算IR指标，如胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）、定量胰岛素敏感性检查指数（QUICKI）和血糖与胰岛素比值。使用Z检验比较两组之间的新生儿IR指标和人体测量数据，并使用Pearson相关性分析将其与母亲孕前体重指数（BMI）相关联。此外，还对新生儿IR指标与人体测量数据之间进行Pearson相关性分析。设定统计学显著性为p<0.05。
第2组新生儿的人体测量参数和IR指标显著高于第1组。在母亲孕前BMI、新生儿人体测量参数和IR之间发现了具有统计学显著性的正相关。此外，在新生儿IR与人体测量参数之间观察到具有统计学显著性的正相关。
肥胖母亲所生新生儿的人体测量参数和胰岛素抵抗高于非肥胖、健康母亲所生新生儿。出生时评估IR有助于识别日后患NCD风险较高的新生儿。及时推广健康的生活方式可以减少日后NCD的发生。
