Physical Ecology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Biogeochemistry and Earth System Modelling, Department of Geoscience, Environment and Society, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Sci Rep. 2021 Mar 11;11(1):5733. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-84961-9.
Climate change affects physical and biogeochemical processes in lakes. We show significant increases in surface-water temperature (~ 0.5 °C decade; > 0.2% year) and wave power (> 1% year; the transport of energy by waves) associated with atmospheric phenomena (Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Multivariate El Niño/Southern Oscillation) in the month of August between 1980 and 2018 in the Laurentian Great Lakes. A pattern in wave power, in response to extreme winds, was identified as a proxy to predict interbasin coupling in Lake Erie. This involved the upwelling of cold and hypoxic (dissolved oxygen < 2 mg L) hypolimnetic water containing high total phosphorus concentration from the seasonally stratified central basin into the normally well-mixed western basin opposite to the eastward flow. Analysis of historical records indicate that hypoxic events due to interbasin exchange have increased in the western basin over the last four decades (43% in the last 10 years) thus affecting the water quality of the one of the world's largest freshwater sources and fisheries.
气候变化影响湖泊的物理和生物地球化学过程。我们发现，在 1980 年至 2018 年 8 月期间，与大气现象（大西洋多年代际振荡和多种厄尔尼诺/南方涛动）相关的地表水温度（~0.5°C 十年；>0.2% 年）和波能（>1% 年；波能的传输）显著增加。在响应极端风时，波能的模式被确定为预测伊利湖流域间耦合的代理。这涉及到从季节分层的中央盆地中上升寒冷和低氧（溶解氧<2mg/L）的下湖冷水，其中含有高总磷浓度，进入通常混合良好的西部盆地，与向东的流动相反。历史记录的分析表明，在过去的四十年里，由于流域间交换，西部盆地的缺氧事件增加了（过去 10 年增加了 43%），从而影响了世界上最大的淡水来源和渔业之一的水质。
