Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Sci Rep. 2021 Mar 11;11(1):5788. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85215-4.
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of being infected with SARS-CoV-2, yet limited information is available on risk factors of infection. We pooled data on occupational surveillance of 10,654 HCW who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection in six Italian centers. Information was available on demographics, job title, department of employment, source of exposure, use of personal protective equipment (PPEs), and COVID-19-related symptoms. We fitted multivariable logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of infection. The prevalence of infection ranged from 3.0 to 22.0%, and was correlated with that of the respective areas. Women were at lower risk of infection compared to men. Fever, cough, dyspnea and malaise were the symptoms most strongly associated with infection, together with anosmia and ageusia. No differences in the risk of infection were detected according to job title, or working in a COVID-19 designated department. Reported contact with a patient inside or outside the workplace was a risk factor. Use of a mask was strongly protective against risk of infection as was use of gloves. The use of a mask by the source of exposure (patient or colleague) had an independent effect in reducing infection risk.
医护人员（HCWs）感染 SARS-CoV-2 的风险增加，但有关感染风险因素的信息有限。我们汇总了在意大利六个中心对 10654 名接受 SARS-CoV-2 感染检测的 HCW 进行职业监测的数据。信息包括人口统计学、职称、就业部门、接触源、使用个人防护设备（PPE）和 COVID-19 相关症状。我们拟合多变量逻辑回归模型来计算感染的比值比和 95%置信区间。感染的患病率范围为 3.0 至 22.0%，与相应地区的患病率相关。与男性相比，女性感染的风险较低。发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难和不适是与感染最密切相关的症状，同时还有嗅觉和味觉丧失。根据职称或在 COVID-19 指定部门工作，未发现感染风险存在差异。报告与工作场所内外的患者接触是一个危险因素。使用口罩对感染风险具有很强的保护作用，使用手套也是如此。接触源（患者或同事）使用口罩对降低感染风险有独立作用。
