Walladbegi Java, Schaefer Christian, Pernevik Elin, Sämfors Sanna, Kjeller Göran, Gatenholm Paul, Sándor George K, Rasmusson Lars
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Ann Maxillofac Surg. 2020 Jul-Dec;10(2):370-376. doi: 10.4103/ams.ams_288_20. Epub 2020 Dec 23.
Vascularized autologous tissue grafts are considered "gold standard" for the management of larger bony defects in the craniomaxillofacial area. This modality does however carry limitations, such as the absolute requirement for healthy donor tissues and recipient vessels. In addition, the significant morbidity of large bone graft is deterrent to fibula bone flap use. Therefore, less morbid strategies would be beneficial. The purpose of this study was to develop a printing method to manufacture scaffold structure with viable stem cells.
In total, three different combinations of ground beta tri-calcium phosphate and CELLINK (bioinks) were printed with a nozzle to identify a suitable bioink for three-dimensional printing. Subsequently, a coaxial needle, with three different nozzle gauge combinations, was evaluated for printing of the bioinks. Scaffold structures (grids) were then printed alone and with additional adipose stem cells before being transferred into an active medium and incubated overnight. Following incubation, grid stability was evaluated by assessing the degree of maintained grid outline, and cell viability was determined using the live/dead cell assay.
Among the three evaluated combinations of bioinks, two resulted in good printability for bioprinting. Adequate printing was obtained with two out of the three nozzle gauge combinations tested. However, due to the smaller total opening, one combination revealed a better stability. Intact grids with maintained stability were obtained using Ink B23 and Ink B42, and approximately 80% of the printed stem cells were viable following 24 hours.
Using a coaxial needle enables printing of a stable scaffold with viable stem cells. Furthermore, cell viability is maintained after the bioprinting process.
血管化自体组织移植物被认为是颅颌面区域较大骨缺损治疗的“金标准”。然而，这种方法存在局限性，比如对健康供体组织和受体血管有绝对要求。此外，大型骨移植的显著发病率阻碍了腓骨瓣的使用。因此，采用发病率较低的策略将是有益的。本研究的目的是开发一种打印方法来制造含有活干细胞的支架结构。
总共用喷嘴打印了三种不同组合的研磨β - 磷酸三钙和CELLINK（生物墨水），以确定适合三维打印的生物墨水。随后，评估了具有三种不同喷嘴规格组合的同轴针用于生物墨水的打印。然后单独打印支架结构（网格）并添加额外的脂肪干细胞，之后转移到活性培养基中并孵育过夜。孵育后，通过评估网格轮廓的保持程度来评估网格稳定性，并使用活/死细胞检测法测定细胞活力。
在评估的三种生物墨水组合中，有两种具有良好的生物打印适印性。在所测试的三种喷嘴规格组合中，有两种获得了足够的打印效果。然而，由于总开口较小，一种组合显示出更好的稳定性。使用墨水B23和墨水B42获得了具有保持稳定性的完整网格，并且在24小时后约80%的打印干细胞是活的。
使用同轴针能够打印出含有活干细胞的稳定支架。此外，生物打印过程后细胞活力得以维持。
