Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
J Sports Sci. 2021 Aug;39(16):1816-1821. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1898193. Epub 2021 Mar 12.
Backward running (BR) and forward running (FR) are unique movements utilized by athletes in many sports. Importantly, this investigation provides further insights on BR and benchmarking against more commonly researched FR capacity. Twenty-one collegiate soccer players (age 20.0 ± 0.8 years, body mass 65.6 ± 7.7 kg, body height 1.70 ± 0.07 m) performed maximal effort BR and FR along 20 m of in-ground force platforms. Step kinematics and kinetics were compared between BR and FR over four relative acceleration phases (BR = steps 1-6, 7-12, 13-18 and 19-23; FR = steps 1-4, 5-8, 9-12, 13-15). The primary findings of this study were that BR speeds were 29% slower than FR ( < 0.001), all step kinematics differed between BR and FR ( < 0.01), except contact time from the second to fourth step phases ( > 0.05), and most step kinetics were lower during BR ( < 0.05), with the exceptions of peak vertical force ( > 0.05). These findings indicate that lower running speeds over the acceleration phases of BR appear to be primarily due to lower horizontal ground reaction force application, resulting in shorter stride lengths and decreased flight times compared to FR.
后退跑（BR）和前向跑（FR）是许多运动项目中运动员独特的运动方式。重要的是，这项研究提供了更多关于 BR 的深入了解，并与更常研究的 FR 能力进行了基准比较。21 名大学生足球运动员（年龄 20.0±0.8 岁，体重 65.6±7.7 千克，身高 1.70±0.07 米）在地面力台的 20 米距离上进行了最大努力的 BR 和 FR。在四个相对加速阶段（BR=步骤 1-6、7-12、13-18 和 19-23；FR=步骤 1-4、5-8、9-12、13-15），比较了 BR 和 FR 的步行动力学和动力学。本研究的主要发现是，BR 速度比 FR 慢 29%（<0.001），BR 和 FR 的所有步行动力学都不同（<0.01），除了第二到第四步阶段的接触时间（>0.05）外，BR 的大部分步动力学都较低（<0.05），只有垂直力峰值除外（>0.05）。这些发现表明，BR 加速阶段的跑步速度较低，主要是由于水平地面反作用力的应用较低，导致步长较短，飞行时间较 FR 减少。
