Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea.
Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.
Clin Respir J. 2021 Jul;15(7):753-760. doi: 10.1111/crj.13357. Epub 2021 May 24.
Chronic cough is a common respiratory symptom, and, if persistent, the patient's quality of life can worsen and result in a depressive mood, or vice versa. Although previous reports suggest a relationship between chronic cough and depression, we further investigated this relationship according to smoking status and lung function.
This observational study used cross-sectional data from the 6 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014 and 2016). Propensity score matching using age, sex, smoking status, and lung function was performed for participants with and without chronic cough to reduce the confounding effects associated with depressive mood. Questionnaires recorded coughs persisting for >3 months and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) assessed the severity of depressive mood.
Among 12 494 participants who were >18 years old, 226 with chronic cough were matched with 226 with non-chronic cough. Overall, chronic cough participants showed higher PHQ-9 scores than the non-chronic cough participants (4.29 ± 5.23 vs. 2.63 ± 3.38, P < .001). When stratified by sex, the difference remained significant in women (5.69 ± 5.96 vs. 3.05 ± 3.97, P < .001) but not in men (3.18 ± 4.27 vs. 2.31 ± 3.65, P = .092). When stratified by lung function status, the difference remained significant for those with normal lung function (4.32 ± 5.32 vs. 2.78 ± 3.86, P = .003) and reduced lung function (4.19 ± 4.93 vs. 2.11 ± 3.55, P ≤ 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that chronic cough was associated with PHQ-9 score (odds ratio [OR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.014-1.27, P = .014), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR, 4.87; 95% CI, 1.041-22.86, P = .044) and physician-diagnosed bronchial asthma (OR, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.162-7.435, P = .023).
Depressive mood is significantly correlated with chronic cough in females.
慢性咳嗽是一种常见的呼吸道症状，如果持续存在，患者的生活质量可能会恶化，并导致抑郁情绪，反之亦然。尽管先前的报告表明慢性咳嗽与抑郁之间存在关系，但我们根据吸烟状况和肺功能进一步研究了这种关系。
本观察性研究使用了 2014 年和 2016 年 6 次韩国国家健康和营养检查调查的横断面数据。对有和无慢性咳嗽的参与者进行年龄、性别、吸烟状况和肺功能的倾向评分匹配，以减少与抑郁情绪相关的混杂效应。调查问卷记录持续咳嗽超过 3 个月的情况，患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）评估抑郁情绪的严重程度。
在 12494 名年龄在 18 岁以上的参与者中，226 名患有慢性咳嗽的患者与 226 名无慢性咳嗽的患者相匹配。总体而言，慢性咳嗽患者的 PHQ-9 评分高于非慢性咳嗽患者（4.29±5.23 对 2.63±3.38，P<.001）。按性别分层，女性的差异仍然显著（5.69±5.96 对 3.05±3.97，P<.001），而男性则无显著差异（3.18±4.27 对 2.31±3.65，P=0.092）。按肺功能状况分层，在肺功能正常和降低的患者中，差异仍然显著（4.32±5.32 对 2.78±3.86，P=0.003；4.19±4.93 对 2.11±3.55，P≤0.001）。多变量逻辑回归分析显示，慢性咳嗽与 PHQ-9 评分相关（比值比 [OR]，1.06；95%置信区间 [CI]，1.014-1.27，P=0.014）、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（OR，4.87；95% CI，1.041-22.86，P=0.044）和医生诊断的支气管哮喘（OR，2.93；95% CI，1.162-7.435，P=0.023）。
女性的抑郁情绪与慢性咳嗽显著相关。
