Konsman Jan Pieter
Aquitaine Institute for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience (INCIA) UMR CNRS 5287, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
Front Psychiatry. 2021 Feb 25;12:630331. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.630331. eCollection 2021.
Animals, including human beings, modify their behavior when they fall sick. Interestingly, sociology, biology, and psychology have at different times in their history developed constructs of illness or sickness behavior. The aims of the present paper are to consider sickness behavior in animals and humans and to evaluate to what extent the notions of sickness behavior would allow for interdisciplinary research. After distinguishing disease, illness, and sickness, the case will be made that illness behavior and sickness behavior can be considered heuristically as synonyms given the existence of some fluidity between the notion of illness and sickness. Based on this, different faces, phases, and facets of sickness behavior will be presented before addressing the question of how integration of constructs of sickness behaviors would be possible across biology, medicine, psychology, and sociology. It is concluded that interdisciplinary research on sickness behavior between biology, psychology, and sociology is possible and called for with regard to constructs, methods, and explanations, while keeping in mind differences in perspectives, for example between acute and chronic sickness behavior.
包括人类在内的动物在生病时会改变其行为。有趣的是，社会学、生物学和心理学在其历史上的不同时期都发展出了疾病行为或患病行为的概念。本文的目的是探讨动物和人类的患病行为，并评估患病行为的概念在多大程度上能够支持跨学科研究。在区分疾病、病症和患病之后，鉴于病症和患病概念之间存在一定的流动性，将论证患病行为和病症行为在启发式意义上可被视为同义词。基于此，在探讨如何在生物学、医学、心理学和社会学之间整合患病行为的概念之前，将呈现患病行为的不同表现、阶段和方面。得出的结论是，生物学、心理学和社会学之间关于患病行为的跨学科研究在概念、方法和解释方面是可行的且是必要的，同时要牢记不同视角之间的差异，例如急性和慢性患病行为之间的差异。
