Cheng Qi, Silvano Emily, Bedny Marina
University of California San Diego.
University of Washington.
Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2020 Dec;36:169-176. doi: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.10.011. Epub 2020 Dec 1.
Studies with Deaf and blind individuals demonstrate that linguistic and sensory experiences during sensitive periods have potent effects on neurocognitive basis of language. Native users of sign and spoken languages recruit similar fronto-temporal systems during language processing. By contrast, delays in sign language access impact proficiency and the neural basis of language. Analogously, early but not late-onset blindness modifies the neural basis of language. People born blind recruit 'visual' areas during language processing, show reduced left-lateralization of language and enhanced performance on some language tasks. Sensitive period plasticity in and outside fronto-temporal language systems shapes the neural basis of language.
对失聪和失明个体的研究表明，敏感期的语言和感官体验对语言的神经认知基础有显著影响。手语和口语的母语使用者在语言处理过程中会激活类似的额颞叶系统。相比之下，手语学习延迟会影响语言熟练度和语言的神经基础。同样，早期而非晚期失明会改变语言的神经基础。天生失明的人在语言处理过程中会激活“视觉”区域，语言的左侧化程度降低，并且在一些语言任务上表现更好。额颞叶语言系统内外的敏感期可塑性塑造了语言的神经基础。
