TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Food Institute, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
Department of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2021 May;20(3):2382-2427. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12730. Epub 2021 Mar 14.
Seeds play important roles in human nutrition and health since ancient time. The term "specialty" has recently been applied to seeds to describe high-value and/or uncommon food products. Since then, numerous studies have been conducted to identify various classes of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols in specialty seeds. This review discusses nutrients, fat-soluble bioactives, polyphenols/bioactives, antioxidant activity, bioavailability, health benefits, and safety/toxicology of commonly consumed eight specialty seeds, namely, black cumin, chia, hemp, flax, perilla, pumpkin, quinoa, and sesame. Scientific results from the existing literature published over the last decade have been compiled and discussed. These specialty seeds, having numerous fat-soluble bioactives and polyphenols, together with their corresponding antioxidant activities, have increasingly been consumed. Hence, these specialty seeds can be considered as a valuable source of dietary supplements and functional foods due to their health-promoting bioactive components, polyphenols, and corresponding antioxidant activities. The phytochemicals from these specialty seeds demonstrate bioavailability in humans with promising health benefits. Additional long-term and well-design human intervention trials are required to ascertain the health-promoting properties of these specialty seeds.
自古以来，种子就在人类营养和健康中发挥着重要作用。“特种”一词最近被用于描述高价值和/或不常见的食品，以描述特种种子。此后，人们进行了大量研究来鉴定各种生物活性化合物，包括特种种子中的多酚。本综述讨论了八种常见特种种子（黑孜然、奇亚、大麻、亚麻、紫苏、南瓜、藜麦和芝麻）的营养成分、脂溶性生物活性物质、多酚/生物活性物质、抗氧化活性、生物利用度、健康益处和安全性/毒理学。编译并讨论了过去十年中发表的现有文献中的科学研究结果。由于这些特种种子具有许多脂溶性生物活性物质和多酚，以及相应的抗氧化活性，因此它们的消费日益增加。因此，由于这些特种种子具有促进健康的生物活性成分、多酚和相应的抗氧化活性，可以将它们视为膳食补充剂和功能性食品的有价值来源。这些特种种子中的植物化学物质在人体中具有生物利用度，具有良好的健康益处。需要进行更多的长期和精心设计的人体干预试验，以确定这些特种种子的促进健康的特性。
