Saleme Marina de Lyra Soriano, Andrade Ingrid Rocha, Eloy Nubia Barbosa
Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz," University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil.
Front Plant Sci. 2021 Feb 24;12:642934. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.642934. eCollection 2021.
Most eukaryotic species propagate through sexual reproduction that requires male and female gametes. In flowering plants, it starts through a single round of DNA replication (S phase) and two consecutive chromosome segregation (meiosis I and II). Subsequently, haploid mitotic divisions occur, which results in a male gametophyte (pollen grain) and a female gametophyte (embryo sac) formation. In order to obtain viable gametophytes, accurate chromosome segregation is crucial to ensure ploidy stability. A precise gametogenesis progression is tightly regulated in plants and is controlled by multiple mechanisms to guarantee a correct evolution through meiotic cell division and sexual differentiation. In the past years, research in the field has shown an important role of the conserved E3-ubiquitin ligase complex, Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C), in this process. The APC/C is a multi-subunit complex that targets proteins for degradation via proteasome 26S. The functional characterization of APC/C subunits in Arabidopsis, which is one of the main E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls cell cycle, has revealed that all subunits investigated so far are essential for gametophytic development and/or embryogenesis.
大多数真核生物通过有性繁殖进行繁衍，这需要雄性和雌配子。在开花植物中，其始于一轮DNA复制（S期）和连续两次染色体分离（减数分裂I和II）。随后，发生单倍体有丝分裂，从而形成雄配子体（花粉粒）和雌配子体（胚囊）。为了获得有活力的配子体，精确的染色体分离对于确保倍性稳定性至关重要。精确的配子发生过程在植物中受到严格调控，并由多种机制控制，以保证通过减数分裂细胞分裂和性别分化实现正确的发育。在过去几年中，该领域的研究表明，保守的E3泛素连接酶复合物后期促进复合物/细胞周期体（APC/C）在此过程中发挥重要作用。APC/C是一种多亚基复合物，通过26S蛋白酶体靶向蛋白质进行降解。拟南芥中APC/C亚基的功能表征揭示，到目前为止所研究的所有亚基对于配子体发育和/或胚胎发生都是必不可少的，拟南芥是控制细胞周期的主要E3泛素连接酶之一。
