Center for Youth Development and Intervention and Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, United States.
Center on Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States.
Dev Neuropsychol. 2021 Mar-Apr;46(2):93-108. doi: 10.1080/87565641.2021.1900192. Epub 2021 Mar 15.
Sensitivity to emotional face aids in rapid detection and evaluation of others, such that by school-age, children and youth exhibit adult-like patterns when the prolonged viewing of an emotional face distorts the perception of a subsequent face. However, the developmental considerations of this phenomenon (known as ) are unclear given ongoing maturational and experiential changes, including the influence of own-race experiences or the lack of face expertise, as is evident in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study addressed whether emotional adaptive coding is sensitive to factors of face perception expertise, specifically self-race and developmental experience, in adults (age 19-28 years) and youth (age 10-16 years). Emotional adaptive coding was not influenced by race expertise (i.e., other versus same race identity) in White and Asian adults. Emotional adaptation coding during childhood and adolescence is consistent with adults, though youth with ASD exhibited stronger adaptor after-effects in response to other-race faces, relative to TD youth and adults. By extending prior work to examine the integration of race and emotional adaptive coding in ASD, we discovered that the strength of response in ASD is atypical when viewing other-race faces, which clarifies the role of racial and facial experience on emotional face adaption.
对情绪面孔的敏感性有助于快速检测和评估他人，因此，到了学龄期，儿童和青少年在长时间观察情绪面孔时会表现出与成年人相似的模式，此时后续的面孔感知会扭曲。然而，鉴于持续的成熟和经验变化，包括自身种族经验或缺乏面部专业知识的影响（如在自闭症谱系障碍中明显存在），这种现象（称为情绪自适应编码）的发展考虑因素尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨情绪自适应编码是否对面孔感知专业知识的因素（即自我种族和发展经验）敏感，特别是在成年人（19-28 岁）和青少年（10-16 岁）中。在白人和亚洲成年人中，情绪自适应编码不受种族专业知识（即其他种族与自身种族身份）的影响。儿童和青少年时期的情绪适应编码与成年人一致，尽管自闭症谱系障碍的青少年在对其他种族面孔的反应中表现出更强的适应器后效，与 TD 青少年和成年人相比。通过将先前的工作扩展到检查自闭症中种族和情绪自适应编码的整合，我们发现，当观看其他种族的面孔时，自闭症中反应的强度是非典型的，这阐明了种族和面部经验对情绪面孔适应的作用。
