Volkmar Fred R, Woodbury-Smith Marc, Macari Suzanne L, Øien Roald A
Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Center of Excellence on Autism Spectrum Disorders, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 2021 May;33(2):625-633. doi: 10.1017/S0954579420002047.
This paper, written in honor of Professor Ed Zigler, focuses on some of the themes in developmental disabilities research that were so central to his work. It has now been nearly 80 years since Leo Kanner first identified the prototypic form - early infantile autism - of what is now autism spectrum disorder. In this article we summarize the development of the concept and the important accumulation of knowledge over time that has now led us to the recognition of a broader autism phenotype just as, at the same time, the current official diagnostic system in the USA has narrowed the concept. We also address current controversies regarding autism as the diagnosis is impacted by age and developmental factors, gender, and cultural issues. In parallel to the work on intellectual deficiency and development pioneered by Zigler and his colleagues, we summarize some of the challenges for the years ahead.
本文是为纪念埃德·齐格勒教授而作，重点关注发育障碍研究中的一些主题，这些主题在他的工作中至关重要。自利奥·坎纳首次确定了如今自闭症谱系障碍的原型形式——早期婴儿自闭症以来，已经过去了近80年。在本文中，我们总结了这一概念的发展历程以及随着时间推移知识的重要积累，正是这些积累使我们如今认识到了更广泛的自闭症表型，而与此同时，美国目前的官方诊断系统却缩小了这一概念。我们还讨论了当前有关自闭症的争议，因为该诊断会受到年龄和发育因素、性别以及文化问题的影响。与齐格勒及其同事开创的智力缺陷与发展研究工作并行，我们总结了未来几年面临的一些挑战。
