Irawan Muhammad Zudhy, Belgiawan Prawira Fajarindra, Joewono Tri Basuki, Bastarianto Faza Fawzan, Rizki Muhamad, Ilahi Anugrah
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia.
School of Business and Management, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132 Indonesia.
Transportation (Amst). 2022;49(2):529-553. doi: 10.1007/s11116-021-10185-5. Epub 2021 Mar 11.
This study examines the change in activities and associated travel during the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This study is particularly interested in analyzing the role of attitudes, descriptive norms, protective behaviors toward COVID-19, travel frequency before the pandemic, and spatial and individual characteristics on activity-travel behavior changes in relation to information and communication technology (ICT) use. Data were obtained from 1062 respondents using a web-based questionnaire survey. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the complex relationships among variables. This study found that descriptive norms positively affected the frequency of travel during the COVID-19 pandemic. Teleworking and e-learning and attitudes toward COVID-19 directly affected activity-travel behavior changes. On the contrary, teleshopping did not contribute to reducing out-of-home activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Experience of ICT influenced a decline in travel frequency and ride-hailing use. Furthermore, although personal attributes insignificantly influenced activity-travel behavior change, these attributes directly affected ICT use. Meanwhile, people living outside of Java Island had a higher travel frequency during the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic than their counterparts. Based on our findings, this study recommends that the very initial step in an emergency caused by a disaster be to massively socialize or educate people about the risk of the pandemic and to continue with a policy to minimize travel by encouraging teleworking and e-learning. Empowering ICT to support activities from home will beneficially minimize the spread of the pandemic.
本研究考察了印度尼西亚新冠疫情初期活动及相关出行的变化。本研究尤其关注分析态度、描述性规范、针对新冠疫情的防护行为、疫情前的出行频率，以及空间和个人特征对与信息通信技术（ICT）使用相关的活动出行行为变化的作用。数据通过基于网络的问卷调查从1062名受访者处获得。采用结构方程模型来检验变量之间的复杂关系。本研究发现，描述性规范对新冠疫情期间的出行频率有积极影响。远程工作、电子学习以及对新冠疫情的态度直接影响了活动出行行为的变化。相反，在新冠疫情期间，网上购物并没有促使外出活动减少。ICT使用体验影响了出行频率和网约车使用的下降。此外，虽然个人属性对活动出行行为变化的影响不显著，但这些属性直接影响了ICT的使用。同时，在新冠疫情初期，爪哇岛以外地区的居民出行频率高于爪哇岛居民。基于我们的研究结果，本研究建议，在灾害引发的紧急情况中，最首要的步骤是大规模地向民众宣传或教育疫情风险，并继续推行鼓励远程工作和电子学习以尽量减少出行的政策。增强ICT对居家活动的支持将有助于最大限度地减少疫情传播。
