Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid 28002, Spain.
Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Spain.
Cereb Cortex. 2021 Jul 5;31(8):3592-3609. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhab034.
Pyramidal neurons are the most abundant and characteristic neuronal type in the cerebral cortex and their dendritic spines are the main postsynaptic elements of cortical excitatory synapses. Previous studies have shown that pyramidal cell structure differs across layers, cortical areas, and species. However, within the human cortex, the pyramidal dendritic morphology has been quantified in detail in relatively few cortical areas. In the present work, we performed intracellular injections of Lucifer Yellow at several distances from the temporal pole. We found regional differences in pyramidal cell morphology, which showed large inter-individual variability in most of the morphological variables measured. However, some values remained similar in all cases. The smallest and least complex cells in the most posterior temporal region showed the greatest dendritic spine density. Neurons in the temporal pole showed the greatest sizes with the highest number of spines. Layer V cells were larger, more complex, and had a greater number of dendritic spines than those in layer III. The present results suggest that, while some aspects of pyramidal structure are conserved, there are specific variations across cortical regions, and species.
锥体神经元是大脑皮层中最丰富和最具特征的神经元类型，其树突棘是皮质兴奋性突触的主要突触后成分。先前的研究表明，锥体细胞结构在不同的皮层区域、皮层区域和物种之间存在差异。然而，在人类皮层中，只有相对较少的皮层区域对锥体树突形态进行了详细的量化。在本工作中，我们在距颞极的几个距离处进行了 Lucifer Yellow 的细胞内注射。我们发现了锥体细胞形态的区域差异，在大多数测量的形态变量中表现出很大的个体间变异性。然而，有些值在所有情况下仍然相似。在最靠后的颞叶区域中，最小和最简单的细胞显示出最高的树突棘密度。颞极的神经元具有最大的尺寸和最多的棘突。第 V 层的细胞比第 III 层的细胞更大、更复杂，并且具有更多的树突棘。本研究结果表明，虽然锥体结构的某些方面是保守的，但在不同的皮层区域和物种之间存在特定的变化。
