Reebals Crisi, Wood Tara, Markaki Adelais
School of Nursing, University of Alabama Birmingham Hospital, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Instructor, Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Specialty Track Coordinator, School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
West J Nurs Res. 2022 Apr;44(4):416-429. doi: 10.1177/0193945921997925. Epub 2021 Mar 16.
Inadequate transition to practice increases stress for new health care providers and threatens employment longevity. This integrative review aimed to synthesize the evidence on transition process for newly graduated registered nurses and advanced practice nurses in hospital settings and to identify enablers/barriers and mitigating strategies. Two databases were systematically searched for articles that described the process, strategies, participant perceptions, and implications of role transition with a final yield of 23 articles. Synthesis of the evidence revealed three major themes: (a) achieving competence for safe practice, (b) addressing stress during transition, and (c) reducing turnover. Emotional support for new graduates was instrumental to achieving clinical competence. Role transition adaptation was linked to anxiety, while emotional health was positively associated with retention. Developing best practices that address skill proficiency, attending to the emotional needs of new nurse graduates, and providing structured transition programs to improve clinical competence are the strategies of choice.
向实践的过渡不足会增加新的医疗保健提供者的压力，并威胁到其职业寿命。本整合性综述旨在综合有关医院环境中刚毕业的注册护士和高级实践护士过渡过程的证据，并确定促进因素/障碍以及缓解策略。系统检索了两个数据库，以查找描述角色过渡过程、策略、参与者看法及影响的文章，最终得到23篇文章。证据综合显示出三个主要主题：（a）获得安全实践的能力，（b）应对过渡期间的压力，以及（c）减少人员流动。对新毕业生的情感支持有助于获得临床能力。角色过渡适应与焦虑有关，而情绪健康与留任意愿呈正相关。制定解决技能熟练程度问题的最佳实践、关注新护士毕业生的情感需求以及提供结构化过渡计划以提高临床能力是首选策略。
