Department of Microbiology (COBS & H), CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India.
Department of Chemistry, Environmental Sciences, and Centre for Bio-Nanotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India.
Physiol Plant. 2021 Sep;173(1):394-417. doi: 10.1111/ppl.13397. Epub 2021 Apr 4.
Heavy metal pollution in soil and water is a potential threat to human health as it renders food quality substandard. Different biosorbents such as microbial and agricultural biomass have been exploited for heavy metal immobilization in soil and sorptive removal in waters. Biosorption is an effective and sustainable method for heavy metal removal in soil and water, but the inherent challenges are to find cheap, selective, robust, and cost-effective bioadsorbents. Microbial and agricultural biomass and their modified forms such as nanocomposites and carbonaceous materials (viz., biochar, nanobiochar, biocarbon), might be useful for sequestration of heavy metals in soil via adsorption, ion exchange, complexation, precipitation, and enzymatic transformation mechanisms. In this review, potential biosorbents and their metal removal capacity in soil and water are discussed. The microbial adsorbents and modified composites of agricultural biomasses show improved performance, stability, reusability, and effectively immobilize heavy metals from soil and water. In the future, researchers may consider the modified composites, encapsulated biosorbents for soil and water remediation.
土壤和水中的重金属污染是对人类健康的潜在威胁，因为它会降低食品质量。微生物和农业生物质等不同的生物吸附剂已被用于土壤中的重金属固定和水中的吸附去除。生物吸附是一种有效且可持续的土壤和水中重金属去除方法，但面临的固有挑战是寻找廉价、选择性强、坚固耐用且具有成本效益的生物吸附剂。微生物和农业生物质及其改性形式，如纳米复合材料和碳质材料（即生物炭、纳米生物炭、生物碳），可能通过吸附、离子交换、络合、沉淀和酶转化机制，用于土壤中重金属的螯合。在这篇综述中，讨论了土壤和水中潜在的生物吸附剂及其去除重金属的能力。微生物吸附剂和农业生物质的改性复合材料表现出更好的性能、稳定性、可重复使用性，并能有效地从土壤和水中固定重金属。未来，研究人员可能会考虑使用改性复合材料、封装生物吸附剂来进行土壤和水污染修复。
