识别成年初期的饮酒模式和与肥胖相关的因素：行为经济学分析。
Identifying Patterns of Alcohol Use and Obesity-Related Factors Among Emerging Adults: A Behavioral Economic Analysis.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA.
出版信息
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2021 Apr;45(4):828-840. doi: 10.1111/acer.14569. Epub 2021 Mar 16.
BACKGROUND
Although heavy alcohol consumption and maladaptive eating behaviors have been shown to co-occur among college students, less is known about the co-occurrence of these behaviors in a more diverse community-dwelling, emerging adult sample. The purpose of this study was to: (i) identify classes of emerging adults by their reported alcohol consumption patterns, food addiction symptoms, and body mass index; and (ii) determine whether these classes differed on indices of behavioral economic reinforcer pathology (e.g., environmental reward deprivation, impulsivity, alcohol demand).
METHOD
Emerging adult participants were recruited as part of a study on risky alcohol use (n = 602; 47% white, 41.5% Black; mean age = 22.63, SD = 1.03). Participants completed questionnaires on alcohol and food-related risk factors and underwent anthropometric assessment.
RESULTS
Latent profile analysis suggested a four-profile solution: a moderate alcohol severity, overweight profile (Profile 1; n = 424, 70.4%), a moderate alcohol severity, moderate food addiction + obese profile (Profile 2; n = 93, 15.4%), a high alcohol severity, high food addiction + obese profile (Profile 3; n = 44, 7.3%), and a high alcohol severity, overweight profile (Profile 4; n = 41, 6.8%). Individuals in Profile 1 reported significantly lower levels of environmental reward deprivation than either Profile 2 or 3, and participants in Profile 3 reported significantly higher environmental reward deprivation than those in Profile 4 (p < 0.001). Profile 4 demonstrated significantly higher alcohol demand intensity and O and lower demand elasticity than Profile 1, Profile 2, or Profile 3. Profile 4 also demonstrated significantly greater proportionate substance-related reinforcement than Profile 1 (p < 0.001) and Profile 2 (p = 0.004).
CONCLUSION
Maladaptive eating patterns and alcohol consumption may share common risk factors for reinforcer pathology including environmental reward deprivation, impulsivity, and elevated alcohol demand.
背景
尽管已有研究表明，大学生群体中普遍存在酗酒和不良进食行为，但在更广泛的社区居住、刚成年的人群中，这些行为的同时出现情况则鲜为人知。本研究的目的是：（一）根据报告的饮酒模式、食物成瘾症状和体重指数，确定新兴成年人的类别；（二）确定这些类别在行为经济强化物病理的指标上是否存在差异（例如，环境奖励剥夺、冲动、酒精需求）。
方法
新兴成年参与者作为一项关于危险饮酒使用研究的一部分被招募（n=602；47%为白人，41.5%为黑人；平均年龄 22.63，标准差 1.03）。参与者完成了关于酒精和食物相关风险因素的问卷，并进行了人体测量评估。
结果
潜在剖面分析表明存在四种模式：中等酒精严重程度、超重模式（模式 1；n=424，70.4%）、中等酒精严重程度、中度食物成瘾+肥胖模式（模式 2；n=93，15.4%）、高酒精严重程度、高食物成瘾+肥胖模式（模式 3；n=44，7.3%）和高酒精严重程度、超重模式（模式 4；n=41，6.8%）。模式 1 的个体报告的环境奖励剥夺水平明显低于模式 2 或模式 3，而模式 3 的参与者报告的环境奖励剥夺水平明显高于模式 4（p<0.001）。模式 4 表现出明显更高的酒精需求强度、O 和更低的需求弹性，而模式 1、模式 2 或模式 3 则较低。模式 4 还表现出与模式 1（p<0.001）和模式 2（p=0.004）相比，比例物质相关强化作用明显更高。
结论
不良进食模式和酒精消费可能具有共同的强化物病理风险因素，包括环境奖励剥夺、冲动和酒精需求增加。
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