Division of Nanomedicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA.
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA.
Adv Biol (Weinh). 2021 Jan;5(1):e2000193. doi: 10.1002/adbi.202000193. Epub 2021 Jan 4.
Molecular imaging can provide functional and molecular information at the cellular or subcellular level in vivo in a noninvasive manner. Activatable nanoprobes that can react to the surrounding physiological environment or biomarkers are appealing agents to improve the efficacy, specificity, and sensitivity of molecular imaging. The physiological parameters, including redox status, pH, presence of enzymes, and hypoxia, can be designed as the stimuli of the activatable probes. However, the success rate of imaging nanoprobes for clinical translation is low. Herein, the recent advances in nanoparticle-based activatable imaging probes are critically reviewed. In addition, the challenges for clinical translation of these nanoprobes are also discussed in this review.
分子成像可以非侵入性地在体内提供细胞或亚细胞水平的功能和分子信息。能够对周围生理环境或生物标志物做出反应的激活型纳米探针是提高分子成像的疗效、特异性和灵敏度的有吸引力的试剂。生理参数，包括氧化还原状态、pH 值、酶的存在和缺氧，可以作为激活型探针的刺激物来设计。然而，用于临床转化的成像纳米探针的成功率很低。本文批判性地综述了基于纳米颗粒的激活型成像探针的最新进展。此外，本文还讨论了这些纳米探针临床转化所面临的挑战。
