Schuster Romina, Strehse Jennifer S, Ahvo Aino, Turja Raisa, Maser Edmund, Bickmeyer Ulf, Lehtonen Kari K, Brenner Matthias
Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany.
Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School, Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Str. 10, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
Mar Environ Res. 2021 May;167:105264. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105264. Epub 2021 Feb 16.
Baltic mussels (Mytilus spp.) were exposed to the explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT) for 96 h (0.31-10.0 mg/L) and 21 d (0.31-2.5 mg/L). Bioaccumulation of TNT and its degradation products (2- and 4-ADNT) as well as biological effects ranging from the gene and cellular levels to behaviour were investigated. Although no mortality occurred in the concentration range tested, uptake and metabolism of TNT and responses in antioxidant enzymes and histochemical biomarkers were observed already at the lowest concentrations. The characteristic shell closure behaviour of bivalves at trigger concentrations led to complex exposure patterns and non-linear responses to the exposure concentrations. Conclusively, exposure to TNT exerts biomarker reponses in mussels already at 0.31 mg/L while effects are recorded also after a prolonged exposure although no mortality occurs. Finally, more attention should be paid on shell closure of bivalves in exposure studies since it plays a marked role in definining toxicity threshold levels.
将波罗的海贻贝（紫贻贝属）暴露于炸药三硝基甲苯（TNT）中96小时（浓度为0.31 - 10.0毫克/升）和21天（浓度为0.31 - 2.5毫克/升）。研究了TNT及其降解产物（2 - 和4 - 氨基二硝基甲苯）的生物累积以及从基因和细胞水平到行为的生物学效应。尽管在所测试的浓度范围内未发生死亡，但在最低浓度下就已观察到TNT的摄取和代谢以及抗氧化酶和组织化学生物标志物的反应。双壳贝类在触发浓度下特有的闭壳行为导致了复杂的暴露模式以及对暴露浓度的非线性反应。总之，暴露于TNT时，贻贝在0.31毫克/升的浓度下就会产生生物标志物反应，而且即使没有死亡，长时间暴露后也会记录到效应。最后，在暴露研究中应更多关注双壳贝类的闭壳情况，因为它在确定毒性阈值水平方面起着显著作用。
