Strehse Jennifer Susanne, Bünning Tobias Hartwig, Koschorreck Jan, Künitzer Anita, Maser Edmund
Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Straße 10, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
German Environment Agency, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau, Germany.
Toxics. 2023 Apr 7;11(4):347. doi: 10.3390/toxics11040347.
Submerged munitions are present in marine waters across the globe. They contain energetic compounds (ECs), such as TNT and metabolites thereof, which are considered carcinogenic, exhibit toxic effects in marine organisms, and may affect human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of ECs and their trends in blue mussels from the annual collections of the German Environmental Specimen Bank sampled over the last 30 years at three different locations along the coastline of the Baltic and North Sea. Samples were analyzed by GC-MS/MS for 1,3-dinitrobenzene (1,3-DNB), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT), and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT). The first signals indicating trace levels of 1,3-DNB were observed in samples from 1999 and 2000. ECs were also found below the limit of detection (LoD) in subsequent years. From 2012 onwards, signals just above the LoD were detected. The highest signal intensities of 2-ADNT and 4-ADNT, just below the LoQ (0.14 ng/g d.w. and 0.17 ng/g d.w., respectively), were measured in 2019 and 2020. This study clearly shows that corroding submerged munitions are gradually releasing ECs into the waters that can be detected in randomly sampled blue mussels, even though the concentrations measured are still in the non-quantifiable trace range.
全球海域均存在水下弹药。它们含有高能化合物（ECs），如三硝基甲苯（TNT）及其代谢物，这些物质被认为具有致癌性，对海洋生物具有毒性作用，并可能影响人类健康。本研究的目的是调查过去30年中，从德国环境样本库沿波罗的海和北海海岸线三个不同地点的年度采集样本中，蓝贻贝体内ECs的出现情况及其趋势。通过气相色谱-串联质谱法（GC-MS/MS）分析样本中的1,3-二硝基苯（1,3-DNB）、2,4-二硝基甲苯（2,4-DNT）、2,4,6-三硝基甲苯（TNT）、2-氨基-4,6-二硝基甲苯（2-ADNT）和4-氨基-2,6-二硝基甲苯（4-ADNT）。1999年和2000年的样本中首次检测到表明1,3-DNB痕量水平的信号。在随后的几年中，也在检测限（LoD）以下发现了ECs。从2012年起，检测到略高于检测限的信号。2019年和2020年测量到2-ADNT和4-ADNT的最高信号强度，略低于定量限（LoQ）（分别为0.14 ng/g干重和0.17 ng/g干重）。这项研究清楚地表明，正在腐蚀的水下弹药正在逐渐将ECs释放到水中，即使所测浓度仍处于不可量化的痕量范围内，在随机采样的蓝贻贝中也能检测到这些物质。
