School of Health Science, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia.
Rev Neurosci. 2021 Mar 17;32(7):767-789. doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0122. Print 2021 Nov 25.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting millions of individuals each year and this number is expected to significantly increase. The complicated microorganisms residing in human gut are closely associated with our health. Emerging evidence has suggested possible involvement of human gut microbiome in AD. Symbiotic gut microbiomes are known to maintain brain health by modulating host's barriers integrity, metabolic system, immune system, nervous system and endocrine system. However, in the event of gut dysbiosis and barriers disruption, gut pathobionts disrupt homeostasis of the metabolic system, immune system, nervous system, and endocrine system, resulting in deterioration of neurological functions and subsequently promoting development of AD. Multiple therapeutic approaches, such as fecal microbiome transplant, antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotic, and diet are discussed as potential treatment options for AD by manipulating the gut microbiome to reverse pathological alteration in the systems above.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是最常见的痴呆症形式，每年影响数百万人，预计这一数字将显著增加。人类肠道中存在的复杂微生物与我们的健康密切相关。新出现的证据表明，人类肠道微生物组可能与 AD 有关。共生肠道微生物组通过调节宿主的屏障完整性、代谢系统、免疫系统、神经系统和内分泌系统来维持大脑健康。然而，在肠道失调和屏障破坏的情况下，肠道条件致病菌会破坏代谢系统、免疫系统、神经系统和内分泌系统的内稳态，导致神经功能恶化，进而促进 AD 的发展。通过操纵肠道微生物组来逆转上述系统的病理变化，粪菌移植、抗生素、益生元、益生菌、共生和饮食等多种治疗方法被讨论为 AD 的潜在治疗选择。
