Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India.
Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of AYUSH, New Delhi, India.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2023 Nov;396(11):2911-2923. doi: 10.1007/s00210-023-02554-x. Epub 2023 Jun 7.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by dementia and the accumulation of amyloid beta in the brain. Recently, microbial dysbiosis has been identified as one of the major factors involved in the onset and progression of AD. Imbalance in gut microbiota is known to affect central nervous system (CNS) functions through the gut-brain axis and involves inflammatory, immune, neuroendocrine and metabolic pathways. An altered gut microbiome is known to affect the gut and BBB permeability, resulting in imbalance in levels of neurotransmitters and neuroactive peptides/factors. Restoration of levels of beneficial microorganisms in the gut has demonstrated promising effects in AD in pre-clinical and clinical studies. The current review enlists the important beneficial microbial species present in the gut, the effect of their metabolites on CNS, mechanisms involved in dysbiosis related to AD and the beneficial effects of probiotics on AD. It also highlights challenges involved in large-scale manufacturing and quality control of probiotic formulations.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种神经退行性疾病，其特征是痴呆和大脑中β淀粉样蛋白的积累。最近，微生物失调已被确定为 AD 发病和进展的主要因素之一。肠道微生物组失衡通过肠-脑轴影响中枢神经系统（CNS）功能，涉及炎症、免疫、神经内分泌和代谢途径。已知肠道微生物组的改变会影响肠道和 BBB 的通透性，导致神经递质和神经活性肽/因子水平失衡。在临床前和临床研究中，肠道中有益微生物水平的恢复已被证明对 AD 具有有前景的效果。目前的综述列出了肠道中存在的重要有益微生物种类、其代谢物对 CNS 的影响、AD 相关失调涉及的机制以及益生菌对 AD 的有益作用。它还强调了大规模生产和益生菌制剂质量控制所涉及的挑战。
