Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Respiratory Disease, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Infectious Disease, Jinyintan Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China.
Department of Infectious Disease, Jinyintan Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China; Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Ann Palliat Med. 2021 Feb;10(2):2167-2174. doi: 10.21037/apm-21-212.
In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a public health emergency of international concern. A small proportion of patients infected with COVID-19 go on to develop pneumonia. We speculated that COVID-19 may be likely to result in psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression. In this study, we conducted an investigation of anxiety and depression in patients with COVID-19.
Sixty-five COVID-19 patients were randomly enrolled into this study. Anxiety and depression among participants were measured through the completion of anonymous Chinese-language Zung self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale questionnaires. Data were analyzed using independent samples t-tests, Mann-Whitney U-tests, and χ2 tests.
The questionnaire results showed that 26.15% and 41.54% of participants suffered from anxiety and depression, respectively, although there was no significantly statistical difference between the proportions of COVID-19 patients with anxiety and depression. Statistically significant differences in employment status, partial pressure of oxygen, and corticosteroid application existed between moderate- and severe COVID-19 patients (P<0.05). In particular, the partial pressure of oxygen was significantly lower in severe COVID-19 patients than in their moderate counter parts (71.31±23.54 vs. 101.06±34.43, U=156, P=0.006). Total lymphocytes was lower in severe group than in moderate group [1.659±0.643 vs. 0.745 (0.645, 0.928), U=109, P=0.000]. Also, a higher proportion of female than male patients had anxiety (χ2=5.388, P=0.02). COVID-19 patients who received antiviral medications also displayed a higher rate of anxiety (χ2=4.481, P=0.034). Total lymphocytes between the non-anxiety and anxiety had statistical difference (U=321, P=0.019). Meanwhile, total lymphocytes between the non-depression and depression also had statistical difference (U=389.5, P=0.01).
Among patients with COVID-19, females and those treated with antiviral medications were more likely to experience anxiety. In addition, our findings reflected the effect of anxiety and depression on immune system.
2020 年 3 月，世界卫生组织（WHO）宣布 COVID-19 为国际关注的公共卫生紧急事件。一小部分感染 COVID-19 的患者会发展为肺炎。我们推测 COVID-19 可能导致焦虑和抑郁等心理障碍。在这项研究中，我们对 COVID-19 患者的焦虑和抑郁进行了调查。
将 65 例 COVID-19 患者随机纳入本研究。采用匿名的中文 Zung 自评焦虑量表和自评抑郁量表问卷对参与者的焦虑和抑郁进行测量。采用独立样本 t 检验、Mann-Whitney U 检验和 χ2 检验进行数据分析。
问卷调查结果显示，分别有 26.15%和 41.54%的患者患有焦虑和抑郁，但 COVID-19 患者中焦虑和抑郁的比例无统计学差异。中重度 COVID-19 患者的就业状况、氧分压和皮质类固醇应用存在统计学差异（P<0.05）。特别是，严重 COVID-19 患者的氧分压明显低于中度 COVID-19 患者[（71.31±23.54）比（101.06±34.43），U=156，P=0.006]。重症组总淋巴细胞计数低于中症组[1.659±0.643 比 0.745（0.645，0.928），U=109，P=0.000]。此外，女性患者焦虑的比例高于男性患者（χ2=5.388，P=0.02）。接受抗病毒药物治疗的 COVID-19 患者焦虑发生率也较高（χ2=4.481，P=0.034）。无焦虑和焦虑 COVID-19 患者的总淋巴细胞计数有统计学差异（U=321，P=0.019）。同时，无抑郁和抑郁 COVID-19 患者的总淋巴细胞计数也有统计学差异（U=389.5，P=0.01）。
在 COVID-19 患者中，女性和接受抗病毒药物治疗的患者更容易出现焦虑。此外，我们的研究结果反映了焦虑和抑郁对免疫系统的影响。
