Pereira Fernanda Veloso, Jarry Vinícius de Menezes, Castro José Thiago Souza, Appenzeller Simone, Reis Fabiano
Neuroradiology of the Radiology Department UNICAMP, Brazil.
Neuroradiology of the Radiology Department UNICAMP, Brazil.
Autoimmun Rev. 2021 May;20(5):102801. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102801. Epub 2021 Mar 14.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated, neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS).While the clinical symptoms of MS most commonly manifest between 20 and 40 years of age, approximately 3 to 10% of all MS patients report that their first inaugural events can occur earlier in life, even in childhood, and thus include the pediatric population. The prevalence of MS onset in childhood/adolescence varies between 2.0% and 4.0% of all MS cases according to several extensive studies. The main imaging patterns of pediatric inflammatory demyelinating disorders and mimicking entities, including multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, MOG (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein) antibody-related disorders and differential diagnoses will be addressed in this article, highlighting key points to the differential diagnosis.
多发性硬化症（MS）是一种慢性、免疫介导的中枢神经系统（CNS）神经退行性疾病。虽然MS的临床症状最常出现在20至40岁之间，但约3%至10%的MS患者报告称，他们的首次发病事件可能发生在更早的年龄段，甚至是儿童期，因此包括了儿科人群。根据多项广泛研究，儿童期/青少年期MS发病的患病率在所有MS病例中为2.0%至4.0%。本文将探讨儿童炎症性脱髓鞘疾病及类似疾病（包括多发性硬化症、视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病、急性播散性脑脊髓炎、MOG（髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白）抗体相关疾病）的主要影像学表现及鉴别诊断，突出鉴别诊断的要点。
