Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2021 Mar 12;37(2):e00030120. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00030120. eCollection 2021.
This study analyzed the role of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) in the food and nutritional profile of pregnant women's diet. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a representative sample of pregnant women attending primary healthcare units in Maceió, capital of the State of Alagoas, Brazil. Food consumption was assessed with the application of two 24-hour food recalls on nonconsecutive days, and the consumption items were grouped according to the NOVA classification. Overall estimates were expressed as absolute dietary consumption (mean calorie intake) and relative consumption (percentage of total energy intake according to food groups and consumption items). Analysis of variance was used to compare mean energy and nutrient intake according to food groups. The association between quintiles of the energy share from UPFs (exposure variable) and (1) consumption items and food groups, (2) percentage of total energy from macronutrients, and (3) micronutrient density was analyzed via adjusted linear regression models. Mean energy intake in pregnant women was 1,966.9Kcal/day, 22% of which from UPFs. A direct relationship was observed between the percentage of energy from UPFs and total energy consumption (β = 228.78Kcal; SE = 21.26). In addition, an increase in the share of UPFs was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the intake of protein, fiber, magnesium, iron, potassium, zinc, selenium, folate, and vitamins D and E, as well as in the consumption of traditional foods such as protein, beans, roots, and tubers. Our data thus indicate that the consumption of UPFs reduces the overall nutritional and food quality of diet in pregnant women.
本研究分析了超加工食品（UPFs）在孕妇饮食的食物和营养状况中的作用。这是一项在巴西阿拉戈斯州首府马塞约的初级保健单位进行的代表性孕妇样本的横断面研究。通过在非连续两天应用两次 24 小时食物回忆来评估食物消耗，并且根据 NOVA 分类对消耗的项目进行分组。总体估计值表示为绝对饮食消耗（平均卡路里摄入量）和相对消耗（根据食物组和消耗项目的总能量摄入百分比）。使用方差分析来比较根据食物组的平均能量和营养素摄入量。使用调整后的线性回归模型分析 UPF 能量份额（暴露变量）的五分位数与（1）消耗项目和食物组，（2）宏量营养素总能量的百分比和（3）微量营养素密度之间的关联。孕妇的平均能量摄入量为 1966.9 千卡/天，其中 22%来自 UPF。从 UPF 获得的能量百分比与总能量消耗之间存在直接关系（β=228.78 千卡；SE=21.26）。此外，UPF 份额的增加与蛋白质、纤维、镁、铁、钾、锌、硒、叶酸和维生素 D 和 E 的摄入量以及蛋白质、豆类、根茎类和块茎类等传统食物的消耗呈统计学显著降低相关。因此，我们的数据表明，UPF 的消耗降低了孕妇饮食的整体营养和食物质量。
