Almeida Bárbara, Samouco Ana, Grilo Filipe, Pimenta Sónia, Moreira Ana Maria
Hospital de Magalhães Lemos EPE, Porto, Portugal.
Unidade Local de Saúde do Norte Alentejano EPE, Portalegre, Portugal.
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2022 Jun;68(4):708-717. doi: 10.1177/00207640211002558. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
Physicians, including psychiatrists and general practitioners (GPs), have been reported as essential sources of stigma towards people diagnosed with a mental disorder (PDMDs), which constitutes an important barrier to recovery and is associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Therefore, psychiatrists and GPs are key populations where it is crucial to examine stigma, improve attitudes and reduce discrimination towards psychiatric patients.
This study is the first to explore mental health-related stigma among Portuguese psychiatrists and GPs, examining the differences between these two specialities and assessing whether sociodemographic and professional variables are associated with stigma.
A cross-sectional study was performed between June 2018 and August 2019. A consecutive sample of 55 Psychiatrists and 67 GPs working in Porto (Portugal) filled a 25-item self-report questionnaire to assess their attitudes towards PDMDs in clinical practice. The instrument was designed by the authors, based on previous mental health-related stigma studies and validated scales. The questionnaire includes 12 stigma dimensions ( and ), and its total score was used to measure (OS). Sample characteristics were examined using descriptive statistics, and the factors affecting stigma were assessed through regression analysis.
GPs exhibit significantly higher OS levels than psychiatrists, and present higher scores in the dimensions of and Besides medical speciality, several other sociodemographic variables were associated with sigma, including age, gender, having a friend with a mental disorder, professional category, agreement that Psychiatry diverges from core medicine and physician's interest in mental health topics.
Our data suggest that both psychiatrists and GPs hold some degree of stigmatizing attitudes towards PDMDs. Overall, these results bring new light to stigma research, and provide information to tailor anti-stigma interventions to Portuguese psychiatrists and GPs.
据报道，包括精神科医生和全科医生（GPs）在内的医生是对被诊断患有精神障碍的人（PDMDs）产生污名化的重要来源，这构成了康复的重要障碍，并与较差的临床结果相关。因此，精神科医生和全科医生是关键人群，在这些人群中，审视污名、改善态度以及减少对精神病患者的歧视至关重要。
本研究首次探讨葡萄牙精神科医生和全科医生中与心理健康相关的污名，考察这两个专业之间的差异，并评估社会人口统计学和专业变量是否与污名相关。
在2018年6月至2019年8月期间进行了一项横断面研究。在葡萄牙波尔图工作的55名精神科医生和67名全科医生的连续样本填写了一份包含25个项目的自我报告问卷，以评估他们在临床实践中对PDMDs的态度。该工具由作者根据先前与心理健康相关的污名研究和经过验证的量表设计。问卷包括12个污名维度（以及），其总分用于衡量（OS）。使用描述性统计检查样本特征，并通过回归分析评估影响污名的因素。
全科医生的OS水平显著高于精神科医生，并且在和维度上得分更高。除了医学专业外，其他几个社会人口统计学变量也与污名相关，包括年龄、性别、有患精神障碍的朋友、专业类别、认为精神病学与核心医学不同以及医生对心理健康主题的兴趣。
我们的数据表明，精神科医生和全科医生对PDMDs都持有一定程度的污名化态度。总体而言，这些结果为污名研究带来了新的启示，并为针对葡萄牙精神科医生和全科医生量身定制反污名干预措施提供了信息。
