Kerr Barbara A, Birdnow Maxwell, Wright Jonathan Daniel, Fiene Sara
Department of Educational Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.
Front Psychol. 2021 Mar 1;12:611838. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.611838. eCollection 2021.
Previous research has established that creative adolescents are generally low in neuroticism and as well-adjusted as their peers. From 2006 to 2013, data from cohorts of creative adolescents attending a counseling laboratory supported these results. Clinical findings of increased anxiety, depression, and suicidality among creative students in 2014 led the researchers to create 3 studies to explore these clinical findings. Once artifactual causes of these changes were ruled out, a quantitative study was conducted. Study 1, an analysis of mean differences of pre-2014 and post-2014 cohorts showed that post-2014 cohorts scored significantly higher in Neuroticism, Openness to Experience, and Conscientiousness and lower in Extraversion on Big 5 inventories. Regression analyses suggested that while Neuroticism was associated with gender, Conscientiousness and Grade Point Average for the earlier group, Neuroticism in the post 2014 groups was related to complex interplay of all personality dynamics except Agreeableness. In the qualitative Study 2, focus groups of 6-10 students, for a total of 102 participants were queried about the reasons they perceived for increased anxiety and depression in creative students. Increased achievement pressures and awareness of environmental and social problems were major sources of external stressors; perfectionism and desire to fulfill expectations of others were the primary sources of internal stress. The authors suggest that creative students' openness to experience and advanced knowledge made it possible for these students to see the potential for environmental and social crises and respond to their inability to solve these problems with anxiety and depression. Study 3 was a qualitative study that followed up 19 participants from the post-2014 cohort to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and creativity. While the majority perceived a negative effect of the pandemic on their mental health, most also produced a surprising variety of creative works during that time. In conclusion, rapid changes in the lives of creative adolescents since 2014 suggest that scholars focus on current cohorts and the ways in which adolescent personality is shaped by internal expectation and external pressures and global events. Despite the pandemic, creative young people continued to create.
先前的研究表明，有创造力的青少年通常神经质水平较低，且与同龄人一样适应良好。2006年至2013年，来自参加咨询实验室的有创造力青少年群体的数据支持了这些结果。2014年有研究发现有创造力的学生中焦虑、抑郁和自杀倾向增加，这促使研究人员开展了3项研究来探究这些临床发现。在排除了这些变化的人为因素后，进行了一项定量研究。研究1对2014年前和2014年后群体的均值差异进行分析，结果显示2014年后的群体在大五人格量表上的神经质、经验开放性和尽责性得分显著更高，外向性得分更低。回归分析表明，虽然神经质与性别、早期群体的尽责性和平均绩点有关，但2014年后群体的神经质与除宜人性外的所有人格动态的复杂相互作用有关。在定性研究2中，对6至10名学生组成的焦点小组（共102名参与者）询问了他们认为有创造力的学生焦虑和抑郁增加的原因。成就压力增加以及对环境和社会问题的认识是外部压力源的主要来源；完美主义和满足他人期望的愿望是内部压力的主要来源。作者认为，有创造力的学生的经验开放性和先进知识使他们有可能看到环境和社会危机的可能性，并因无法解决这些问题而产生焦虑和抑郁。研究3是一项定性研究，对2014年后群体中的19名参与者进行了跟踪，以探究新冠疫情对心理健康和创造力的影响。虽然大多数人认为疫情对他们的心理健康有负面影响，但大多数人在此期间也创作出了令人惊讶的各种创意作品。总之，自2014年以来有创造力的青少年生活的快速变化表明，学者们应关注当前的群体，以及青少年人格是如何受到内部期望、外部压力和全球事件塑造的。尽管疫情肆虐，有创造力的年轻人仍继续创作。
